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摘要:
太赫兹近场多输入多输出合成孔径雷达(MIMO-SAR)技术具有在保证分辨率同时降低阵元数量的优势，在人体安检中有重要的研究和应用价值。该文首先介绍了应用在人体安检领域的太赫兹近场MIMO-SAR技术系统现状，将典型系统进行了归纳和对比；其次介绍阵列设计，对典型面阵列的指标特性进行了仿真对比；介绍典型的成像算法和加速方法，比较成像算法的图像重构速度。最后对发展进行了展望。
Abstract:Terahertz near field MIMO-SAR technology has advantage of reducing the number of arrays while ensuring resolution, thus it has important application in human security inspection. This paper firstly introduces the application of terahertz near field MIMO-SAR technology in human body security inspection, then introduces the system composition, imaging algorithm, and finally makes a prospect of development.
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Overview: As growing violent and terrorist incidents are endangering people, security inspection in the public becomes increasingly important. The sparse linear array multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) based system, taking into consideration the high resolution of images and the low complexity of the system, is one of the new human body security inspection imaging technologies. This paper mainly introduces the application of MIMO SAR in human body security inspection based on the investigation and analysis of current status and development of domestic and foreign studies on active millimeter-wave/terahertz-wave imaging technologies. Four frameworks are introduced, including single-input single-output (SISO) imaging systems, one dimensional MIMO-SAR with mirror imaging systems, one dimension MIMO-SAR with one dimension SAR imaging systems, and two dimension MIMO imaging systems. Then, the MIMO sparse line array is introduced. The main design idea of the system with MIMO line array is to combine a frequency modulated MIMO line array with an orthogonal synthetic aperture generated by the linear movement of the object under test, such as a conveyor. An array of transmitters illuminates the human with concealed weapon and an array of receivers records the back-scattered radiation coherently. Four kinds of MIMO sparse plane arrays are introduced, including tetragonum array, cross array, square array, and T array. The MIMO sparse plane arrays are designed with 16Tx and 16Rx, then, their performances are compared. Thirdly, signal processing basics and three efficient computational 3D imaging algorithms are presented, including back-projection (BP), fast-factorized back-projection (FFBP), and range migration algorithm (RMA). Those imaging algorithms can be implemented for parallel processing on a graphics processing unit for accelerating the image generation. The BP and FFBP kernels profit strongly from the parallelization since they perform the same computational operation for each voxel. Therefore, the volume reconstruction is mainly achieved through assigning each thread of the graphics processing unit to a voxel. The RMA algorithm also benefit from accelerated execution of the fast Fourier transform algorithm on the graphics processing unit without parallelization. In addition, three different imaging algorithms are compared in regard to their computational efficiency. Finally, this paper makes a prospect of development. In recent years, the THz basic devices in China have made great progress and performances have been steadily improved, which has promoted the rapid development of THz radar system. Although the THz MIMO-SAR system structure is clear for the human body security inspection, but there are still some basic and engineering problems to be overcome, such as: radar chip with integrated array, faster imaging algorithm, a method to extract the echo characteristics and information of hidden objects from multiple view angles. The THz near-field MIMO-SAR technology is still a hot spot in the THz radar and is important for the human security inspection and also need to be further in-depth study for promoting its important application in the field of military and civilian.
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图 6 0.14 THz 80发80收成像系统的框架及成像结果
Figure 6. Framework of 0.14 THz 80Tx and 80Rx imaging system and imaging result
图 12 等效孔径方法与合成孔径相结合的成像系统原理图
Figure 12. Schematic of the imaging system using the effective aperture approach in combination with a synthetic aperture
表 1 国内外毫米波/太赫兹安检系统汇总对比
Table 1. Summary of millimeter wave/terahertz security system
成像体制 研究机构 频率/GHz 带宽/GHz 方位分辨率/mm 作用距离/m 多发多收一维机械线扫描体制 德国法兰克福 300 72 ≤20 10 欧盟第7框架计划 360 40 ≤10 4 中科院电子所 220 15 ≤10 1 多发多收二维电子扫描全息成像体制 R & S公司 75 10 2 ≤1 美国MIT 27 16 ≤5 ≤1 多发多收一维机械线扫描全息成像体制 凯泽斯劳滕大学 110 10 ≤2 ≤1 中物院微太中心 140 5 ≤2 ≤1 
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表 2 阵列性能比较
Table 2. Comparison of array performances
阵列类型 目标点位置/m 主瓣宽度/mm 峰值旁瓣比/dB 积分旁瓣比/dB X Y Z X Z X Z X Z 口字阵列 0.0 0.5 0.0 2.4 2.4 23 23 3 3 0.0 0.5 0.2 2.7 2.9 24 23 14 16 十字形 0.0 0.5 0.0 2.4 2.4 22 22 3 3 0.0 0.5 0.2 2.7 2.4 23 22 11 15 方块阵列 0.0 0.5 0.0 2.4 2.4 22 22 3 3 0.0 0.5 0.2 2.7 2.4 23 22 10 14 T形阵列 0.0 0.5 0.0 2.4 2.4 22 22 4 6 0.0 0.5 0.2 2.5 2.7 23 22 11 11
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