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摘要:
雷电流测量是研究雷电的一个重要部分。为此，本文研究了一种用于测量雷电流的全光纤电流传感器。首先，介绍了光纤电流传感器的基本原理及结构组成；其次，在实验室中对该传感器的响应速度、测量精度及测量范围等性能指标进行了测试。结果表明，该传感器的响应速度为微秒级，可测量范围在1 kA~100 kA，动态范围大于40 dB，测量误差小于5%，测量波形与标准的Pearson电流探头测试波形相比一致性较好，该研究为雷电流测量提供了一种新方法。
Abstract:It is an important part for studying lightning to measure lightning current. Consequently, this paper studied an all-fiber optical current transformer for measuring lightning currents. Firstly, the basic principle and structure of the all-fiber optical current transformer were introduced. Then, the performances including the response speed, measurement accuracy and measurement range were tested in the laboratory. The results show that the response speed of the sensor is in microsecond. The measurable range is over 1 kA~100 kA. The dynamic range is greater than 40 dB and the measurement error is less than 5%. The measurement waveform of all-fiber optical current transformer coincides with that of standard Pearson current probe. The paper provides a new method for lightning current measurement.
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Overview: It is an important part for studying lightning to measure lightning current. The time domain waveform of lightning current is a fast pulse. The traditional method of measuring lightning current is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The traditional current sensor is bulky, heavy and difficult to insulate. It is inevitably limited by the traditional measurement method, such as magnetic saturation. All-fiber optical current transformer (AFOCT) has many advantages over traditional electromagnetic sensors, such as large dynamic range, small size, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, high safety, good insulation and light weight. Consequently, this paper studied an AFOCT for measuring lightning currents. Firstly, the basic principle and structure of the AFOCT are introduced. The current transformer is based on Faraday magneto-optical effect and Ampere's law. It adopts reflecting optical path system and closed-loop detection scheme. The scheme has the advantages of large dynamic range and high detection precision. Secondly, the performance including the response speed, measurement accuracy and measurement range was tested in the laboratory. The typical lightning current is measured by the AFOCT. The tested current includes the waveform of lightning current component A and the lightning current 8/20 μs waveform. The waveform of lightning current component A is specified in the national military standard GJB1389A, and it is also used by the US military standard widely. It is the waveform required for lightning protection test of equipment. The waveform of lightning current 8/20 μs has relevant regulations in IEC standards and national standards, and it is mainly used for injection testing of lightning protection devices. Therefore, these two waveforms were used in the test, and they are respectively generated by two pulse current generators with adjustable output levels. The results of measuring the waveform of lightning current component A by the AFOCT are used to obtain the sensor's ability to detect small currents. The results of measuring the waveform of lightning current 8/20 μs by the AFOCT are used to obtain the sensor's ability detect large currents and the upper limit of the range in different turns. Through the testing of the AFOCT, the measurement accuracy and dynamic range of the sensor are obtained. The results show that the response speed of the sensor is in microsecond. The measurable range is over 1 kA~100 kA. The dynamic range is greater than 40 dB and the measurement error is less than 5%. The measurement waveform of all-fiber optical current transformer coincides with that of standard Pearson current probe. The paper provides a new method for lightning current measurement.
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图 3 雷电流A波波形测量结果对比
Figure 3. Comparison for measured results of lightning current component A
图 4 传感器测量雷电流A波的频谱及系统函数。(a)频谱；(b)系统函数
Figure 4. The spectrum and system function of lightning current component A. (a) Spectrum; (b) System function
图 8 测量8/20 μs波形结果对比
Figure 8. Comparison for measured result of lightning current 8/20 μs waveform
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