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摘要
针对激光器单光束加工二维码输出能量大部分被浪费且加工效率低的问题，本文采用了一种多光束并行加工的方法来提高加工效率。仿真研究了QR码加工填充率和对比度对识别率和识别时间的影响，得到了一个二维码可识别范围。然后使用飞秒激光器基于空间光调制器的并行加工技术进行试验，对实验结果的对比度和加工填充率展开分析。分析结果表明，在二维码的识读评价标准范围内，加工填充率越大，识别率越低，识别时间越长；同样，对比度越低，识别率越低，识别时间越长。同时，对单束激光加工二维码进行了实验，分析了并行加工与单光束加工的加工时间等参数的对比，得到并行加工要比单激光束加工提高约10倍的效率。
Abstract
Aiming at the problem that most of the output energy of laser single-beam processing of two-dimensional codes is wasted and the processing efficiency is low, this paper adopts a multi-beam parallel processing method to improve the processing efficiency. The simulation studies the effect of the QR code processing filling rate, and contrast on recognition rate, and recognition time, and obtains a QR code recognizable range. Then use the femtosecond laser based on the parallel processing technology of the spatial light modulator to conduct experiments, and analyze the contrast and processing fill rate of the experimental results. The analysis results show that within the range of the QR code reading evaluation standard, the greater the processing filling rate is, the lower the recognition rate and the longer the recognition time are; similarly, the lower the contrast is, the lower the recognition rate and the longer the recognition time are. At the same time, experiments were performed on the single-beam laser processing of two-dimensional codes. The comparison of processing time and other parameters of the parallel processing and single-beam processing was analyzed, and the efficiency of the parallel processing was about 10 times higher than that of the single-beam processing.
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Key words:
- QR code /
- laser marking /
- parallel processing /
- spatial light modulator
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Overview
Overview: Laser processing is a non-contact processing method, which has the advantages of high energy density, good directionality, high coherence, and small heat-affected zone. It is favored in the field of industrial processing. Traditional laser processing is mainly focused on the single-beam laser marking method using a scanning galvanometer. This marking method has a clear and high-precision pattern and can be processed at any position. This method has low processing efficiency and long marking production time. In addition, the laser output single pulse energy is much higher than the required energy during processing. If single beam processing is used, most of the laser output energy is wasted and the energy utilization rate is low. Parallel processing technology can divide a single beam into multiple beams, and can improve processing efficiency, laser energy utilization. Also, the above problems can effectively solved. Aiming at the problem of low energy utilization and processing efficiency in femtosecond laser micro-machining, this paper adopts the femtosecond parallel processing method based on the spatial light modulator.
Nowadays, there are many researches on the laser marking two-dimensional codes, but there are few researches on the relationship between the reading quality of two-dimensional codes and its filling rate or contrast. Most of them focus on finding suitable processing parameters. Therefore, this article first simulates the processing filling rate and different contrasts of the two-dimensional code. The simulation method is as follows: first, to gradually increase the radius on a fixed circle center until it is tangent, and change the gray scale of the data circular area; second, use the WeChat scan code function to count the recognition time and calculate the recognition rate; finally, based on the basis of the parallel processing of the spatial light modulator, using femtosecond laser to process the two-dimensional code. It can be obtained that the larger the processing filling rate is, the smaller the gap is, the easier it is to be recognized within the range of the two-dimensional code reading evaluation standard. The observation of the contrast is verified by different processing times, and the result obtained has little change in contrast. Because the contrast meets the simulation upon request, the results can be scanned. At the same time, we conducted a single-beam laser processing experiment on the two-dimensional code, and compared the important parameters such as processing time of single-beam laser processing and parallel processing. The parallel processing efficiency of multiple light beams obtained by splitting 60 beams at the same time is about ten times higher than the processing efficiency under the galvanometer.
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图 1 单光束与多光束工作原理图
Figure 1. Working principle diagram of the single beam and the multi-beam
图 4 理想加工区域与实际加工区域关系
Figure 4. Relationship between the ideal processing area and the actual processing area
图 10 不同加工时间下的二维码加工图。
Figure 10. QR code processing diagrams under different processing times.
表 1 不同加工填充率下的识别率
Table 1. Recognition rate for different filling rate of processing
Filling rate of processing P/% Recognition rate/% 80.2 100 50.4 100 30.6 60 10.7 0 
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表 2 不同对比度下的识别率
Table 2. Recognition rate for different contrasts
Contrast C Recognition rate/% 127 100 35 80 25 20 20 0
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表 3 飞秒激光器的主要参数
Table 3. The main parameters of the femtosecond laser
Parameter Scope Average output power/W 0~4 Maximum single pulse energy/mJ 0.4 Repetition frequency/kHz 10 Pulse width/fs 100 Beam quality factor (M2) < 1.3 Spot diameter/mm 9 Wavelength/nm 800
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表 4 单束激光加工和并行加工对比实验
Table 4. Contrast experiment of the single-beam laser processing and parallel processing
Processing methods Processing filling rate P/% Processing time t/s 25.6 32.5 48.5 Parallel processing 
0.4 Single beam laser processing 
4.1
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