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2.8 μm passively Q-switched mode-locked fiber laser using TiCN as saturable absorber
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摘要:
本文报道了一种基于材料可饱和吸收的2.8 μm被动调Q锁模掺铒氟化物光纤激光器。通过将TiCN颗粒作为可饱和吸收体直接涂覆于反射腔镜，并结合氟化物光纤垂直端面的输出耦合，实现了具有较低激光阈值和紧凑腔结构的2.8 μm脉冲光纤激光器。该激光器在泵浦功率达到330 mW时，开始出现调Q锁模脉冲。随着泵浦功率持续增大，调Q脉冲包络重复频率从14.34 kHz增加至32.57 kHz，对应的脉冲宽度从10.51 μs减小至5.40 μs。在650 mW的泵浦功率下，获得最大平均输出功率25.83 mW，斜率效率为7.2%。
Abstract:A 2.8 μm passively Q-switched mode-locked erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser based on material saturable absorption is reported in this paper. By depositing TiCN particles directly onto the cavity mirror as the saturable absorber and using the vertical cleaved end of the fluoride fiber as an output coupler, the 2.8 μm pulsed fiber lasing with a low laser threshold and a compact cavity structure is realized. When the pump power reaches 330 mW, the Q-switched mode-locked pulses begin to appear. With the increase of pump power, the repetition frequency of Q-switched pulse envelope increases from 14.34 to 32.57 kHz, and the pulse width decreases from 10.51 to 5.40 μs. Under the pump power of 650 mW, the maximum average output power of 25.83 mW is obtained, and the slope efficiency is about 7.2%.
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Overview: Mid-infrared laser around 3 μm waveband is widely used in biomedicine, material processing, spectroscopy and atmospheric remote sensing because its wavelength covers the absorption peaks of water molecules and many important gas molecules in the atmosphere. In order to construct compact fiber lasers, passive methods using saturable absorbers play an important role in the generation of mid-infrared pulsed lasing. Compared with traditional saturable absorbers, two-dimensional materials exhibit excellent optical properties, including high optical nonlinearity, ultrafast carrier dynamics and broadband saturation absorption, so the application of two-dimensional materials as saturable absorbers in mid-infrared pulsed lasers has attracted more and more attention. Titanium carbonitride (TiCN) belongs to titanium matrix composite material, which has high melting point, good thermal stability, good chemical stability and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. Recently, TiCN has been demonstrated to function as a saturable absorber in the 2 μm waveband to achieve high-order harmonic mode-locking.
In this paper, a 2.8 μm passively Q-switched mode-locked erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser based on material saturable absorption is reported. By depositing TiCN particles directly onto the cavity mirror as the saturable absorber and using the vertical cleaved end of the fluoride fiber as an output coupler, the 2.8 μm pulsed fiber laser with a low laser threshold and a compact cavity structure is realized. When the pump power reaches 330 mW, the Q-switched mode-locked pulses begin to appear. With the continuous increase of pump power, the repetition frequency of the Q-switched mode-locked pulse envelope keeps monotonically increasing, while the pulse width shows a monotonically decreasing trend. Specifically, when the pump power increases from 330 mW to 500 mW, the repetition frequency of the Q-switched mode-locked pulse envelope increases from 14.34 kHz to 32.57 kHz, and the corresponding pulse width decreases from 10.51 μs to 5.40 μs. The mode-locked pulses inside the Q-switched pulse envelope appears stably and the repetition frequency does not show any change with the increase of pump power. The fundamental frequency of the mode-locked pulses is 28.6 MHz, and the central wavelength of the spectrum is 2778 nm. When the pump power is 650 mW, the maximum average output power of the laser reaches 25.83 mW, and the corresponding slope efficiency is about 7.2%. The results show that TiCN can be used as a stable saturable absorbent material for generating laser pulses in the mid-infrared waveband. It can be solved by using rare-earth ion doped fiber with higher gain and further optimizing the preparation process and deposition method of saturable absorber, which is expected to achieve the better mode-locked pulse characteristics.
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图 1 (a) TiCN的TEM图像；(b) HRTEM下的TiCN晶格条纹
Figure 1. (a) TEM image of TiCN; (b) Lattice fringes of TiCN under an HRTEM
图 2 TiCN作为SA的被动QSML掺铒氟化物光纤激光器实验装置图
Figure 2. Experimental setup of the passively QSML Er3+-doped fluoride fiber laser using TiCN as the saturable absorber
图 3 不同泵浦功率下QSML脉冲序列的示波器轨迹。(a)泵浦功率320 mW；(b)泵浦功率330 mW；(c)泵浦功率420 mW；(d)泵浦功率500 mW
Figure 3. Oscilloscope traces of the QSML pulse trains measured under different pump power. (a) Pump power of 320 mW; (b) Pump power of 330 mW; (c) Pump power of 420 mW; (d) Pump power of 500 mW
图 4 (a) QSML脉冲包络重复频率与持续时间随泵浦功率的变化关系；(b)平均输出功率随泵浦功率的变化关系
Figure 4. (a) The repetition frequency and pulse duration of QSML pulse envelope as a function of pump power; (b) The average output power as a function of pump power
图 5 (a-b)不同泵浦功率下锁模脉冲序列的示波器轨迹；(c)泵浦功率为500 mW时的QSML脉冲光谱图；(d)泵浦功率为500 mW时的QSML脉冲频谱图
Figure 5. (a-b) Oscilloscope traces of the mode-locked pulse trains under different pump power; (c) The spectrum of the QSML pulses under the pump power of 500 mW; (c) The radio-frequency spectrum of the QSML pulses under the pump power of 500 mW
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