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Incoherent self-interference digital holographic imaging under structured light illumination
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摘要:
提出了一种采用结构光照明的迈克尔逊非相干数字全息成像系统，该系统利用空间光调制器SLM实现水平和竖直方向的余弦光栅照明模式，以提高成像系统的横向分辨率。利用MATLAB软件进行仿真成像和数值重建，得到了该系统下的高分辨率重建像，从理论上证明了这一方法可以有效提高非相干数字全息系统的分辨率。搭建了相应的非相干光自干涉数字全息成像系统，通过对USAF1951分辨率板进行成像，从实验上进一步验证了基于结构光照明的超分辨成像方法对该成像系统的适用性。
Abstract:An incoherent digital holographic imaging system based on the Michelson interferometer with structured light illumination is proposed, which uses a spatial light modulator (SLM) to realize horizontal and vertical cosine grating illumination patterns to improve the lateral resolution of the imaging system. Using MATLAB software to carry out simulation imaging and numerical reconstruction, the high-resolution reconstructed image under the system is obtained. It theoretically proves that this method can effectively improve the resolution of the incoherent digital holography system. And build the corresponding incoherent light self-interference digital holographic imaging system. By imaging the USAF1951 resolution target, further verified the applicability of the super-resolution imaging method based on structured light illumination experimentally.
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Overview: As a super-resolution optical imaging technology, structured light illumination technology carries an object’s high-frequency information into the optical system in the form of moiré fringes through structured illumination, breaking the diffraction limit in traditional optical imaging and improving image resolution. An incoherent self-interference digital holography based on the Michelson interferometer can accurately record an object's phase and intensity information. It has the characteristics of fast real-time, non-contact, non-marking, three-dimensional imaging, etc., and has essential research significance in biomedical imaging and materials science. In this paper, an incoherent digital holographic imaging system based on the Michelson interferometer with structured light illumination is proposed, which uses a spatial light modulator (SLM) to realize horizontal and vertical cosine grating illumination patterns to improve the lateral resolution of the imaging system. Perform simulation and verification experiments in uniform and structured light illumination mode to explore the high-resolution imaging results of the resolution target. We obtained in simulation imagings: First, the resolved minimum element of the resolution target is Group 4 element 3 (20.16 lp/mm) in Figure 3(e) under uniform light illumination. Then, the algorithm is used to modulate the resolution target to realize the structured light illumination mode. The resolved minimum resolution element of the resolution target is Group 5 element 2 (35.92 lp/mm) in Figure 4(c). We get in the verification experiments: First, use the algorithm to generate a mask with a value of 1 on the SLM to adjust the illumination mode to the uniform light illumination mode, and the resolved minimum resolution element of the resolution target is the Group elements 4 (45.25 lp/mm) in Figure 5(e). Using another algorithm to load cosine gratings of 20 lp/mm and 40 lp/mm on the SLM to adjust the illumination mode to structured light illumination mode, the resolved minimum element of the resolution target is Group 6 element 1 (64 lp/mm) and Group 6 element 4 (90.51 lp/mm) in Figure 6(a1) and Figure 6(b1). The applicability of the super-resolution imaging method based on the structured light illumination to the incoherent light self-interference digital holographic imaging system based on the Michelson interferometer is verified from the level of simulation imaging and experiments, and the resolution of the imaging system is improved. In the future, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the system performance, optimize the system structure, study more effective numerical algorithms, and realize super-resolution imaging, dynamic imaging, color imaging, etc., to obtain more excellent development space.
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图 1 结构光照明基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的非相干自干涉数字全息系统
Figure 1. Incoherent self-interference digital holography system based on Michelson interferometer
图 2 成像物体。(a) 分辨率板；(b) 图(a)中框内的放大图像
Figure 2. Object image. (a) The resolution target; (b) The enlarged image in the box in (a)
图 3 均匀光照明下分辨率板的成像仿真结果。(a)~(c) 分辨率板的三个相移全息图；(d) 重建像；(e) 图(d)中蓝色框内的放大图像；(f) 图(e)中蓝色虚线框内的强度分布曲线
Figure 3. Simulated imaging results of the resolution target under uniform light illumination. (a)~(c) Holograms with three phase shifts of the resolution target; (d) The reconstructed image; (e) The magnified image in the blue box in (d); (f) The intensity distribution curve of the blue dashed box in (e)
图 4 结构光照明下分辨率板的成像仿真结果。水平方向：(a1) 经余弦光栅调制后的物体图像；(a2) 重建图像；(a3) 图(a2)中蓝色虚线框内的强度分布曲线；竖直方向：(b1) 经余弦光栅调制后的物体图像；(b2) 重建图像；(b3) 图(b2)中蓝色虚线框内的强度分布曲线；(c)两方向的重建像
Figure 4. The simulated imaging results of the resolution target under structured light illumination. Horizontal direction: (a1) Object image modulated by cosine grating; (a2) The reconstructed images; (a3) The intensity distribution curve of the blue dashed box in (a2);Vertical direction: (b1) Object image modulated by cosine grating; (b2) The reconstructed images; (b3) The intensity distribution curve of the blue dashed box in (b2); (c) The reconstructed image in both directions
图 5 均匀光照明下分辨率板的实验成像结果。(a)~(c) 不同时刻拍摄的三张全息图；(d) 重建像；(e) 图(d)中蓝色框内的放大图像；(f) 图(e)中蓝色虚线框内的强度分布曲线
Figure 5. The imaging results of the resolution target under uniform light illumination. (a)~(c) Three holograms at different times; (d) The reconstructed image; (e) The magnified image in the blue box in (d); (f) The intensity distribution curve of the blue dashed box in (e)
图 6 不同频率的结构光照明下分辨率板的实验成像结果。k0 = 20 lp/mm：(a1) 重建像；(a2) 图(a1)中蓝色框内的放大图像；(a3) 图(a2)中蓝色虚线框内的强度分布曲线。k0 = 40 lp/mm：(b1) 重建像；(b2) 图(b1)中蓝色框内的放大图像；(b3) 图(b2)中蓝色虚线框内的强度分布曲线
Figure 6. The imaging results of the resolution target under structured light illumination of different frequencies. k0 = 20 lp/mm：(a1) The reconstruction image; (a2) The magnified image in the blue box in (a1); (a3) The intensity distribution curve of the blue dashed box in (a2); k0 =40 lp/mm：(b1) The reconstruction image; (b2) The magnified image in the blue box in (b1); (b3) The intensity distribution curve of the blue dashed box in (b2)
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