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摘要:
为了同时获得高双折射和色散平坦特性的光子晶体光纤，本文提出了一种包层以椭圆空气孔为纤芯，四周环绕正方形空气孔的光子晶体光纤结构。基于不同纤芯椭圆率、不同纤芯填充材料，对所提光子晶体光纤结构的双折射、色散、非线性等性能进行了讨论。结果表明，在波长1.55 μm处，当纤芯椭圆率不同，填充材料相同时，最大双折射值为0.37，最大非线性系数值277.76 W-1·km-1；当纤芯填充材料不同，椭圆率相同时，最大双折射值为0.34，最大非线性系数值为307 W-1·km-1。在波段1.26 μm~1.8 μm范围，色散呈现出近零色散平坦特性，变化范围不超过±12.5 ps/(nm·km)，带宽0.6 μm。
Abstract:In order to obtain photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence and flattened dispersion, we propose a new photonic crystal fiber structure with an elliptical air hole as the core surrounded by square air holes. In this paper, the effects of different fiber core ellipticity and different filled material on birefringence, dispersion and nonlinearity of photonic crystal fiber are discussed. The results show that at the wavelength of 1.55 μm, when the core ellipticity of the filled material is the same, the maximum birefringence value is 0.37 and the maximum value of nonlinear system is 277.76 W-1·km-1. When the fiber is filled with different materials, the maximum birefringence value is 0.34 and maximum nonlinear value is 307 W-1·km-1. In addition, in the wavelength range of 1.26 μm~1.8 μm, the nearly zerodispersion flattened characteristics are achieved. The range of variations is no more than ±12.5 ps/(nm·km), and the bandwidth is 0.6 μm.
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Key words:
- photonic crystal fiber /
- square air hole /
- high birefringence /
- high nonlinearity
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Overview: Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention recently because of their unique properties that can not be realized in conventional optical fibers. Owning to their flexible design for the cross section, PCFs can realize particular properties such as high birefringence, high nonlinearity, ultra-flatten dispersion, large effective mode area, endlessly single mode, and etc. In this paper, in order to achieve high birefringence and flattened chromatic dispersion at the same time, a smaller sized elliptical air hole in the core is introduced as a defected core in square air holes. The present design has the asymmetry in both fiber core and the cladding region by one kind of air holes (elliptical). The role of an elliptical defected core in the proposed fiber is not only to control the chromatic dispersion to be flattened, but also to increase the value of birefringence up to the order of 10-1. Among them, the structure of the square air hole is not easy to be deformed and thus has a more stable characteristic. Hexagonal structure of square air holes is the best way to obtain high birefringence and flattened chromatic dispersion. In the designed structure, one elliptical air hole is arranged in the core region and four elliptical air holes are ordered in the upper and lower sides. In our simulation, the plane wave expansion method and full-vector finite element method (FEM) with the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition are applied, which have been the most common and accurate methods to investigate the eigen-mode problems of guided modes in PCFs. The effects of different core ellipticity and core filling materials on the birefringence, dispersion and nonlinearity of the photonic crystal fiber are discussed. The results show that the birefringence and maximum nonlinear coefficient are up to the value of 0.37 and 277.76 W-1·km-1 at 1.55 μm when the ellipticity of the core is different and the filling material is the same. The birefringence and maximum nonlinear coefficient are up to the value of 0.34 and 307 W-1·km-1 at 1.55 μm in the condition where the ellipticity of the core is the same and the filling material is different. Besides, the dispersion has a dispersionless flat characteristic. The range of change is not more than ±12.5 ps/(nm·km), and the bandwidth is 0.6 μm in the range of wavelengths from 1.26 μm to 1.8 μm.
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图 1 椭圆纤芯、正方形空气孔包层的PCF结构
Figure 1. Elliptical core, square air hole cladding PCF structure
图 2 不同椭圆率η对双折射特性的影响
Figure 2. Influence of different elliptical rate η on birefringence
图 4 不同椭圆率η对非线性系数的影响
Figure 4. Influence of different elliptical rate η on nonlinear coefficient
表 1 材料名称以及各系数值
Table 1. Materials and corresponding coefficients
材料名称 A B C D E SiO2 3.9×10-5 2.92×10-3 1.45 -3.26×10-3 -3.13×10-5 As2S3 2.76×10-4 7.07×10-3 1.66 -2.15×10-3 -1.99×10-6 TT(20Tl2O.80TeO2) 3.11×10-3 2.39×10-2 2.10 -2.28×10-3 7.48×10-6 TS(20Tl2O.80Sb2O3) 2.40×10-3 3.04×10-2 2.07 -1.82×10-3 9.88×10-7 PG(80PbO.20Ga2O3) 4.85×10-3 3.18×10-2 2.16 -2.02×10-3 1.05×10-5 
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表 2 不同纤芯椭圆率对双折射值、色散值和非线性系数影响对比(λ=1.55 μm)
Table 2. Comparison of the effects of different core ellipticity on birefringence, dispersion and non-linear coefficients(λ=1.55 μm)
PCF椭圆η 双折射nBi 色散D/(ps·nm-1·km-1) 非线性系数γ /(W-1·km-1) y轴 x轴 1.4 0.140 0 111.00 11.70 1.8 0.180 0 177.30 14.47 2.2 0.210 0 201.04 21.07 2.6 0.225 0 206.18 26.27 3 0.240 0 209.12 46.09
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表 3 纤芯填充玻璃材料在λ=1.55 μm处折射率
Table 3. Refractive index of core-filled glass material at λ=1.55 μm
材料名称 As2S3 TT(20Tl2O.80TeO2) TS(20Tl2O.80Sb2O3) PG(80PbO.20Ga2O3) 有效折射率 2.437271706 2.114833102 2.082505791 2.165137141
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表 4 不同填充物的双折射值、色散值和非线性系数对比(λ=1.55 μm)
Table 4. Comparison of birefringence, dispersion and non-linearity of different fillers (λ=1.55 μm)
填充物 双折射nBi 色散D/(ps·nm-1·km-1) 非线性系数γ/(W-1·km-1) y轴 x轴 TT 0.22 20.80 110.82 11.73 TS 0.18 20.58 88.5 11.4 PG 0.25 21 147.88 12.7 As2S3 0.37 21.7 277.76 132.07
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