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摘要
随着移动通信的高速发展和通讯环境的日益复杂，多波束天线在多目标雷达、卫星通信以及多点无线通信等领域有着广泛的应用需求。轨道角动量是电磁波的基本属性之一，它具有螺旋形波前，可独立于振幅、相位、偏振等基本属性，能为电磁波提供新的复用维度。基于亚波长金属波导阵列对电磁波优异的调控能力，我们设计了一种多波束可旋转的太赫兹(THz)阵列天线，通过调控入射波两正交偏振分量的相位分布，可将其分别转化成强度分布一致、阶数相反的涡旋波束。通过改变两分量的相位差，可实现45°偏振方向上波束的干涉图样发生旋转。此外，该阵列天线还展现出了高增益(31 dBi)和宽带宽(61 GHz)的特性。该工作可为基于多波束阵列天线的方位角测量提供新的思路，对丰富THz频段的阵列天线设计具有重要意义。
Abstract
With the high-speed development of mobile communication and the increasingly complex communication environment, multibeam antennas are widely required in the application fields of multi-target radar, satellite communication, multi-point wireless communication, etc. Orbital angular momentum is one of the fundamental properties of electromagnetic waves. It has a spiral wavefront and is independent of basic properties such as amplitude, phase, and polarization. It can provide a new multiplexing dimension for electromagnetic waves. Based on the excellent electromagnetic control capability of the sub-wavelength metal waveguide array, we designed a multibeam rotatable terahertz (THz) array antenna. By adjusting the phase distribution of two orthogonal polarization components of the incident wave, they can be transformed into two vortex beams with the same intensity distributions and opposite orders. The interferometric patterns in the 45° polarization direction can be rotated by changing the phase difference between the two components. Moreover, the array antenna also shows the performance of high gain (31 dBi) and wide bandwidth (up to 61 GHz). This work can provide a new way for azimuth measurement based on multibeam array antennas and is of great significance to enrich the design of array antennas in the THz band.
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Key words:
- terahertz wave /
- vortex beam /
- multibeam antenna /
- azimuth measurement
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Overview
Overview: With the high-speed development of mobile communication and the increasingly complex communication environment, multibeam terahertz (THz) antennas with the characteristics of high frequency, wide bandwidth and narrow beam have great application potential in 6G wireless communication. The vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum has a broad application prospect in enhancing the channel capacity of the communication system and improving the signal transmission rate. Using the interference of vortex beams to realize multibeam rotation can provide a new way for accomplishing the azimuth measurement of the target.
A metallic waveguide can be used as the control unit for full control of the phase, polarization, and amplitude of THz wave. In contrast to the plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces, the phase delay of the waveguide unit is dependent and independent on the hole dimensions perpendicular and parallel to the polarization direction, respectively. Furthermore, the amplitude and polarization can be completely controlled by tuning the dimension and the orientation angle of metal holes. Notably, the analytical relationship between the phase delay and hole dimensions can be presented explicitly, which greatly simplifies the design process to select the waveguide array for a desired phase distribution. Due to the extraordinary transmission effect, the sub-wavelength metal rectangular hole can attain a very ultra-high transmittance, which is convenient for the device design and practical application. This control unit not only demonstrates a facile scheme to manipulate EM waves but also draws a promising approach to realize multifunctional devices with simplified design and high durability.
In this paper, a multibeam rotatable THz array antenna based on metallic waveguides is proposed. Thanks to the excellent control properties of the metallic waveguides, the phase delay of the two orthogonal polarization modes can be tuned in the range of 0 ~ 2π by designing the cell structure size. By manipulating the phase distribution, the two orthogonal polarization components can be transformed into vortex beams with the same intensity distributions and opposite orders. The polarization directions of the two components are orthogonal to each other, and thus they cannot interfere directly. However, their 45° polarized components can interfere, and the interferometric pattern can be rotated by changing the phase difference between the two components. Moreover, the array antenna also shows the performance of high gain (31.0 dBi) and wide bandwidth (up to 61 GHz). The proposed multi-beam rotatable THz array antenna can provide a new way for the azimuth measurement of radar antennas and is of great significance in enriching the design of array antennas in the THz band.
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图 1 基于金属波导的多波束可旋转THz阵列天线示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a multibeam rotatable THz array antenna based on metallic waveguides
图 2 入射波两正交偏振分量的相位差为(a) 0°，(b) 90°，(c) 180°，和(d) 270°时的三维辐射图样
Figure 2. Three-dimensional radiation patterns under the phase difference of two orthogonal polarization components being (a) 0°, (b) 90°, (c) 180°, and (d) 270°, respectively
图 3 干涉增强方位角θd与两偏振分量的相位差Δφ的关系
Figure 3. The dependence of the interference-enhanced azimuth angle θd on the different phase differences Δφ between x- and y-polarized components
图 4 (a)当两偏振分量相位差为0时在xz平面的二维远场方向图；(b)增益和反射系数S11随频率的变化曲线
Figure 4. (a) Two-dimensional far-field radiating pattern in the xz plane for Δφ = 0; (b) Dependences of the gain and reflection coefficient S11 frequency
表 1 64个金属矩形孔的尺寸(a, b)
Table 1. Dimensions (a, b) of 64 selected sub-wavelength metallic holes
Value/mm (a, b) (1.8, 1.8) (1.528, 1.614) (1.366, 1.488) (1.264, 1.408) (1.729, 1.382) (1.478, 1.311) (1.346, 1.258) (1.244, 1.217) (1.242, 1.699) (1.632, 1.632) (1.437, 1.502) (1.304, 1.413) (1.224, 1.343) (1.568, 1.318) (1.407, 1.263) (1.285, 1.22) (1.283, 1.709) (1.78, 1.652) (1.514, 1.514) (1.36, 1.42) (1.258, 1.346) (1.717, 1.328) (1.469, 1.269) (1.343, 1.224) (1.328, 1.718) (1.237, 1.55) (1.616, 1.529) (1.428, 1.428) (1.298, 1.35) (1.22, 1.284) (1.557, 1.275) (1.404, 1.228) (1.382, 1.729) (1.275, 1.558) (1.762, 1.544) (1.503, 1.437) (1.355, 1.355) (1.252, 1.288) (1.707, 1.283) (1.461, 1.232) (1.454, 1.742) (1.318, 1.57) (1.232, 1.461) (1.597, 1.445) (1.42, 1.36) (1.292, 1.292) (1.216, 1.244) (1.547, 1.236) (1.543, 1.759) (1.374, 1.583) (1.268, 1.469) (1.744, 1.455) (1.488, 1.366) (1.349, 1.298) (1.247, 1.247) (1.7, 1.242) (1.651, 1.779) (1.445, 1.598) (1.301, 1.476) (1.228, 1.403) (1.582, 1.373) (1.414, 1.305) (1.288, 1.252) (1.214, 1.214) 
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