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Research and application advances of photo-responsive droplet manipulation functional surface
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摘要:
具有特定润湿性的功能表面是人们操控液滴的重要手段。近年来基于光激励响应的润湿性功能表面发展迅速，通过光诱发材料表面产生润湿梯度力、机械形变、相变、介电泳力以及电润湿性能转变等，光响应液滴操控功能表面能够有效地操控液滴行为。本文简要回顾了光响应液滴操控功能表面的发展历程，重点介绍了其操控液滴的基本原理，分析并总结了当前该功能表面的类型、结构特点以及相应的制备技术。此外，介绍了光响应液滴操控功能表面在液滴输运、融合、分割、液滴机器人、微纳流控芯片等领域的应用，并结合光响应液滴操控功能表面的操控特点对其发展趋势和未来潜在应用进行了展望。
Abstract:Functional surface with specific wettability is one of the indispensable means for droplet manipulation. In recent years, the photo-responsive functional surface with changeable wettability has developed fast. By inducing wetting gradient force, mechanical deformation, phase transformation, dielectric electrophoresis force and electro wettability alteration on the material surface, the behavior of the droplets can be controllably manipulated by the photo-responsive functional surface. In this paper, the development of the photo-responsive functional surface for the droplet manipulation was briefly reviewed. The principles and mechanisms of the droplet manipulation with the functional surface had been expatiated. The categories, structural characteristics and corresponding preparation techniques of the functional surface were analyzed and summarized. In addition, the applications of the photo-responsive functional surface in droplet transportation, fusion, fission, liquid robot, and fluidic chips were introduced in detail. The development tendency and potential applications of the photo-responsive droplet manipulation functional surface were prospected in combination with the characteristics of the functional surface.
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Key words:
- photo-responsive /
- functional surface /
- droplet manipulation /
- wettability
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图 1 光响应液滴操控功能表面发展概况
Figure 1. Development of photo-responsive droplet manipulation functional surface
图 2 润湿梯度力操控液滴输运原理[41]。(a) 液滴平衡状态接触角示意；(b) 光热效应引发润湿梯度力驱动液滴；(c) 液滴输运受力分析
Figure 2. Schematic of droplet transportation by wetting gradient force[41]. (a) Contact angle of equilibrium droplet; (b) Gradient force upon droplet induced by photo-thermal effect; (c) Stress analysis of droplet transportation
图 7 光伏功能表面液滴操控原理[51]。(a) 铁杂质给体与受体能带及电子传递示意；(b) 铌酸锂晶体中Fe2+电子定向光激发示意；(c) x-cut铌酸锂晶体电场分布；(d) z-cut铌酸锂晶体电场分布
Figure 7. Mechanism of droplet manipulation on photo-voltaic functional surface[51]. (a) Sketch of the donor and acceptor levels of iron impurities and electron transport; (b) Schematic of directional photoexcitation of an Fe2+ impurity in the lithium niobate crystal, schematic of photo-voltaic electric field lines near the surface for (c) an x-cut crystal and (d) a z-cut crystal
图 13 光-电型液滴操控表面构造及液滴操控示意。(a) 光-热释电介电泳力型[39]；(b) 光伏效应介电泳力型[51]；(c) 光-热释电润湿型[53]；(d) 光电导-电润湿型[61]
Figure 13. Structure and operation of photo-electric droplet manipulation surfaces which are categorized as the (a) photo-pyroelectric dielectric electrophoresis force[39], (b) photo-voltaic dielectric electrophoresis force[51], (c) photo-pyroelectric wettability[53], and (d) photo-conductive electric wettability[61]
图 16 光操控不同类型液滴输运效果。(a) 光-热润滑剂浸注型功能表面液滴输运[37]；(b) 光-热释电介电泳力型功能表面液滴输运[66]；(c) 基于润滑剂浸注型通道内的液滴输运[67]
Figure 16. Transportation of different droplets by light with (a) lubricant infused functional surface[37], (b) photo-pyroelectric dielectric electrophoresis force functional surface[66], and (c) tunnel based on lubricant infused material[67]
图 26 光响应功能表面在CdS纳米晶体合成方面的应用[81]。(a) 光操控液滴示意图；(b) 实验过程及CdS实验结果影像；(c) 多样品并行检测应用
Figure 26. Photo-responsive functional surface for CdS nanocrystal chemical synthesis[81]. (a) Schematic diagram of droplet manipulation;(b) Physical diagram and transmission electron microscopy image of CdS nanocrystals; (c) Parallel detection of multi samples
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