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Laser fabrication of light/voltage-responsive slippery liquid-infused porous substrate (SLIPS)
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摘要
受到自然界的猪笼草启发，超滑表面受到了许多关注。本文通过激光加工技术在石墨烯和聚偏氟乙烯的复合材料表面(G@PVDF)进行烧蚀，采用热旋涂法将石蜡材料均匀地填充于网格状沟槽内部。利用共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征激光加工后沟槽的形貌与深度，利用UV3600以及红外热成像仪测试样品的光吸收以及光热特性。当复合材料表面未受到强光照射时，液滴“钉”在表面；由于石墨烯具有优异的光热转换能力，当复合材料表面受到强光照射时，复合材料表面吸收光能并产生热量使石蜡融化，液滴与表面由粗糙的气/液/固状态转变为光滑的气/液/润滑剂/固状态，液滴可在倾斜角约10°的状态滑动且无残留。另一方面，通过外界电压也能同样控制液滴的行为。研究结果对于智能化操控液滴有着重要的意义。
Abstract
Inspired by the nepenthes in nature, slippery liquid-infused porous substrates (SLIPS) have attracted extensive research attentions. In this work, a graphene @ polyvinylidene fluoride (G@PVDF) composite substrate was ablated by a laser technology. Then paraffin is uniformly filled in the grooves by a thermal spin-coating method. A confocal laser scanning microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the surface morphology and depth of the grooves. UV3600 and Infrared thermal imagers were used to test the absorption and photothermal characteristics of the samples. The droplet is "pinned" on the surface without light irradiation. Since graphene has excellent photothermal conversion capability, the photothermal conversion happens upon light irradiation. The temperature is high enough to melt the paraffin, the interface state changes from the friction gas-liquid-solid interface to a smooth gas-liquid-lubricant-solid interface. The droplet can slide at an inclination angle of about 10° without leaving any residues. In addition, the droplet sliding can be controlled by an external voltage. This work shows potentials in manipulating the behavior of droplets.
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Key words:
- laser fabrication /
- graphene /
- slippery surface /
- wettability
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Overview
Overview: A slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) inspired by nepenthes plays a significant effect in anti-adhesion, drag reduction, and droplet/bubble transportation etc. The SLIPS is constructed by infusing low surface energy lubricating liquid into the porous substrate. On the one hand, the porous substrate can firmly lock the lubricating liquid within the porous network. On the other hand, the lubricating liquid can dynamically flow in the porous substrate. Therefore, SLIPS shows the advantage of repelling complex liquids (blood, crude oil, etc.), self-healing, and high-pressure resistance, etc. For the intelligent responsive SLIPS, stimulus-response substances are added to the porous substrate, and then the surface wettability can be switched by external stimuli such as electric field, light, etc. Since droplets can be manipulated more precisely, the intelligent responsive SLIPS has broader prospects. In this study, graphene was added to the PVDF solution and thermal drying was performed to form a membrane. This leads to the obvious improvement of light absorption and photothermal conversion compared to that of the membrane without graphene. Then, a UV laser was used to ablate the graphene/polyvinylidene fluoride (G@PVDF) composite film surface for fabricating the grid-like grooves. Then paraffin was poured into the grooves by a thermal spin-coating method to well fill the grooves. In this process, the paraffin was melted or solidified by switching ON and OFF states of the light source, realizing the non-contact controllable manipulation of the droplet. When there is no light, there is a solid-liquid interface between the droplet and surface, and the droplet is "pinned" on the surface. As graphene has excellent light-to-heat conversion ability, the heat is enough to make the phase-change material paraffin melt when the light is on. The interface state between the water droplet and surface changes from the friction gas-liquid-solid interface to a smooth gas-liquid-lubricant-solid interface. The droplet can easily slide at an inclination angle of about 10° without leaving any residues. Alternatively, we employed laser-induced graphene (LIG) on a polyimide film as a heat source, and attached the SLIPS on the LIG. By applying voltage on LIG, it is also able to dynamically control the states of droplets. This kind of light/voltage-controlled SLIPS to control droplet behaviors is of great significance in anti-adhesion, biomedical, microfluidic devices, and other fields.
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图 1 光控超滑表面制备流程图。
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of a fabrication process of light/voltage-controlled SLIPS surface.
图 2 激光加工前后表面及三维形貌的三维共聚焦图像。
Figure 2. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of the surface and three-dimensional topography before and after laser processing.
图 4 PVDF薄膜与结构化的G@PVDF薄膜(T-100 μm，T-200 μm，T-300 μm)的吸收率
Figure 4. Absorption of PVDF film and structured G@PVDF film(T-100 μm，T-200 μm，T-300 μm)
图 5 PVDF与结构化的G@PVDF红外光热对比图。
Figure 5. Infrared photothermal images of PVDF and structured G@PVDF.
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