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摘要
本文提出了一种用于实现大视场紧凑型的增强现实眼镜显示器的方法。采用平面波导以及嵌入的窄带负滤光膜来完成图像的传导和耦合。整个光学系统结构简单，并且具有体积小、质量轻的优点。在此方法下，通过建立光线在波导中的几何导光模型，分析了图像传导的约束条件，得到了波导结构的设计参数以及其与显示视场角之间的关系。根据计算结果，制作了一个3 mm厚的波导耦合器件来进行原理验证。实验结果表明，利用设计的波导元件及搭建的增强现实眼镜显示器的光学系统可以实现虚拟图像的传导以及其与真实环境的融合，测得的显示视场角约为50°。
Abstract
We present a way to achieve the compact augmented reality (AR) smart glasses with a large field of view (FOV). A planar waveguide and embedded narrow band minus filters are used for image transmission and coupling. The optical system based on the method is simple in structure and has the advantages of small size and lightweight. A geometric model for the propagation of light in the waveguide is constructed. Based on this model, the constraints of the structure and the dependence of designed parameters with viewing angles are analyzed. According to the calculations, a 3 mm thick waveguide is fabricated to investigate the feasibility of the theory. Experimental results demonstrate that the prototype can deliver a projected image and realize the fusion of the virtual image and the real scene as expected, the measured viewing FOV was about 50°.
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Key words:
- augmented reality /
- smart glasses /
- waveguide /
- field of view
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Overview
Overview: Augmented reality (AR) smart glasses are capable of superimposing computer-generated information on the real world. Until now, various combiners for delivering displayed virtual image, for instance, semi-reflective reflectors, hologram, and freeform prism have been adopted. However, they are suffering from some problems, such as low light efficiency, relative short lifetime when exposed to environmental variations, and complex production process. What's more, to realize large field of view (FOV) is still a great challenge, especially for AR smart glasses with compact format. In this paper, we present a method to achieve compact AR glasses by using a planar waveguide with embedded narrow band minus filters. The planar waveguide works as an element for the transmission of projected virtual image, while the minus filters work for coupling the image from the micro-display into the waveguide, and coupling it out of the waveguide on the other side to the eye of a viewer. Since the minus filters reflect only the specified waveband from a wide spectral range, the output virtual image from the waveguide can maintain high luminance and the rays from the ambient environment can pass through the waveguide with high transmittance. Furthermore, an array of parallel out minus filters is arranged at the output side, so that exit beams can be expanded without additional ghost images. To get the design parameters of the waveguide and the viewing angle that can be transferred by the waveguide, a geometric model was constructed. According to that, constraints of the design parameters and the relationship of them with the incident angles were analyzed. Based on the calculation results, a 3 mm thick waveguide, which can deliver a FOV of 53° theoretically, was fabricated to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. Experiment was conducted with the first prototype. A virtual image was provided by a projector and a camera was used at the output side for capturing the exit virtual image and the real scene. Through the photo taken by the camera, we can see both the suspended image and a view of the real environment. Experimental result demonstrated that the waveguide can deliver a projected image and realize the fusion of the virtual image and the real scene as expected. The actual FOV transferred by the prototype was about 50°. In conclusion, the present approach is a very promising design to enable a compact AR glasses with a large FOV.
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图 1 基于平面波导的AR眼镜显示器系统原理图
Figure 1. Schematic of the planar waveguide based AR smart glasses system
图 3 平面波导的参数及导光模型
Figure 3. Parameters of the planar waveguide and the geometric model for the propagation of collimated light
图 4 负滤光膜的倾斜角与空气中入射角的关系(n =1.52)
Figure 4. Dependence between the tilted angle of the minus filter and the incident angle in the air (n=1.52)
图 6 透过原形样机拍摄的虚实融合效果图
Figure 6. Virtual icons superimposed on real scene captured through the prototype
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