Review of the development of optical coherence tomography imaging navigation technology in ophthalmic surgery
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摘要:
在眼科显微手术中,传统的术中成像方式由于缺少深度信息,限制了内部结构和手术器械的可视化。光学相干层析成像技术(OCT)是一种非接触式断层成像技术,由于其能提供深度信息、非侵入、成像快、分辨率高等优点,被广泛应用于眼科手术的术中导航。典型的OCT设备可分为手持OCT和显微镜集成OCT。本文简要介绍了时域OCT和频域OCT的原理和发展,回顾了OCT眼科手术导航设备的发展历程,并对各个类别中有代表性的OCT系统进行了介绍,对其成像原理、性能、优缺点等进行了描述和对比,最后对该技术在眼科手术中的应用做出了总结和展望。
Abstract:During ophthalmic microsurgery, the visualization of internal structures is limited by traditional intraoperative imaging methods due to their lack of depth information. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact tomographic imaging technique that is widely used for intraoperative navigation in ophthalmic surgery because of its ability to provide depth information, non-invasiveness, fast imaging, and high resolution. Typical OCT devices can be divided into handheld OCT and microscope-integrated OCT. This article briefly introduces the mechanism and development of time domain OCT and fourier domain OCT, reviews the development of OCT ophthalmic surgical navigation devices, introduces representative OCT systems in each category, describes and compares their imaging principles, performance, advantages, and disadvantages, and finally concludes with a summary and outlook on the applications of this technology in ophthalmic surgery.
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图 8 商业化MIOCT:蔡司RESCAN 700。(a) RESCAN 700机体[3];(b) 医生在手术中使用RESCAN 700[69];(c) RESCAN 700光学显微镜眼底成像[68];(d) RESCAN 700 OCT系统眼底成像[71]
Figure 8. Commercialized MIOCT system: Zeiss RESCAN 700. (a) RESCAN 700 system[3]; (b) Surgeon using RESCAN 700 during ocular surgeries[69]; (c) Microscope imaging of the RESCAN 700 system[68]; (d) OCT imaging of the RESCAN 700 system[71]
图 10 使用基于扫频OCT的MIOCT对眼前节手术(泪道成形术)成像[78]。(a, b) 切开浅层巩膜瓣后的MIOCT图像;(c, d) 插入小梁切刀后的MIOCT图像;(e, f) 借助MIOCT图像确认集束管扩张
Figure 10. Real-time images of anterior segment surgery(canaloplasty) from the microscope-integrated swept-source optical coherence tomography (MIOCT) system[78]. (a, b) MIOCT image after incision of a superficial scleral flap; (c, d) MIOCT image after insertion of a custom-made trabeculotomy; (e, f) Confirming expansion of the collector vessel using MIOCT image
图 11 使用基于扫频OCT的MIOCT导航眼科手术操作的实验结果[77]。(a) 术中OCT成像;(b) 术后OCT切口分析;(c) 精度测试结果。Trial 1:使用(+)和未使用(-)MIOCT的对比;Trial 2:经MIOCT训练(+/-)和未经MIOCT训练(-/-)后使用传统显微镜的手术精度对比(*代表统计学显著不同)
Figure 11. Experimental results of ophthalmic surgeries navigated by swept-frequency OCT-based MIOCT. (a) Intraoperative OCT image; (b) Postoperative suture analysis using OCT; (c) Accuracy test results. Trial 1: comparison of the results with (+) and without (-) MIOCT; Trial 2: accuracy of traditional microscope guided surgeries with (+/-) and without (-/-) MIOCT training (* represents statistically significant difference)
图 12 4D MIOCT实时成像。(a) 观测视网膜上的陶瓷球体[82];(b) 手术工具抓取视网膜色素上皮细胞层的实时图像[83];(c) 玻璃体切除术中视网膜下积液的二维和三维图像[84]
Figure 12. 4D MIOCT real-time imaging. (a) Observing a ceramic ball on the retina[82]; (b) Real-time image of a surgical tool grasping the retinal pigment epithelial cell layer[83]; (c) 2D and 3D images of subretinal fluid during vitrectomy[84]
图 14 使用体积增强渲染算法处理MIOCT图像[81]。(a) 渲染前的人眼MIOCT图像;(b) 增强渲染后的人眼MIOCT图像;(c) 原始视网膜(Epiretinal membrane, ERM)及黄斑孔(macular hole, MH)MIOCT图像;(d) 增强渲染后的视网膜及黄斑孔MIOCT图像
Figure 14. MIOCT images with enhanced volume rendering[81]. (a) Original MIOCT image of human eye; (b) Enhanced MIOCT image of human eye; (c) Original MIOCT image of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) and a macular hole (MH); (d) Enhanced MIOCT image of an epiretinal membrane (ERM) and a macular hole (MH)
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