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摘要:
甚多孔径光纤激光阵列是构建大功率、高光束质量、等效光学大口径的新兴技术手段之一，而基于相位精密操控实现阵列激光束的共相，乃至快速、灵活的光束偏转是当前光纤激光相控阵技术面向应用的关键。本文将光学相控扫描技术与光纤激光相干合成系统相结合，研究了甚多孔径光纤激光相控阵的光束扫描特性，通过改变准直激光阵列相邻子孔径间的相位差实现了光束扫描。对比分析了19、133、703孔径光纤激光相控阵的远场扫描光束形态分布特征，据此定义并计算了扫描极限范围。该结果为后续开展光纤激光相控阵在长程传输下精确指向控制实验研究提供了理论依据。
Abstract:Numerous sub-aperture fiber laser array is one of the emerging technologies to build high power, high beam quality and equivalent optical large aperture. Realizing the common phase and even the fast and flexible beam deflection of array laser beam based on the precise phase control is the key to the application of the current fiber laser phased array technology. In this paper, the optical phase-controlled steering technology is combined with the fiber laser coherent combining system, and the beam steering characteristics of the numerous sub-aperture fiber array laser coherent combining systems are studied. The beam steering is realized by changing the phase difference between the adjacent sub-aperture of the collimated laser array. The far-field steering beam pattern distribution characteristics of 19, 133 and 703 aperture fiber laser phased arrays are compared and analyzed, and the steering limit range is defined and calculated accordingly. The results provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent experimental research on the precise pointing control of fiber laser phased arrays under long-range transmission.
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Key words:
- fiber laser phased array /
- beam steering /
- numerous sub-aperture /
- phase control
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Overview: Numerous sub-aperture fiber laser array is one of the emerging technologies to build high power, high beam quality and equivalent optical large aperture. Realizing the common phase and even the fast and flexible beam deflection of array laser beam based on the precise phase control is the key to the application of the current fiber laser phased array technology. In this paper, the optical phase-controlled steering technology is combined with the fiber laser coherent combining system, and the beam steering characteristics of the numerous sub-aperture, meter-scale fiber array laser coherent combining system are studied. Aiming at the development trend of numerous sub-aperture fiber laser phased array technology, based on the 19 aperture fiber laser phased array as the basic module, the meter-scale phased array transmitting system models with 19, 133 and 703 apertures are established. Based on the principle of optical phased array, the step phase folding model is adopted to make the piston phase distribution of the beam emitted from adjacent aperture change continuously, and to realize the high-precision continuous steering in a certain range. Meanwhile, the steering limit ranges of 19, 133 and 703 aperture fiber laser phased arrays are defined and calculated according to the distribution characteristics of the far-field steering beam pattern. Through numerical simulation analysis, the results show that when the piston phase difference of adjacent sub-apertures changes at equal intervals, the far-field main lobe position changes, and the steering angle gradually increases with the increase of phase difference. When the steering angle increases, the far-field main lobe energy gradually leaks into the grating lobes, which reduces the peak light intensity of the main lobe. When the peak intensity of the grating lobe is stronger than the main flap, the energy concentration of the steering beam on the far-field target surface is poor, which easily affects the position calculation of the far-field main lobe and interferes with the precise pointing control of the steering beam. Therefore, the limit range of steering is defined when the peak intensity ratio of the main lobe to the grating lobe is equal to 1. When the fiber laser phased array steers along the x- and y-axes respectively, there are obvious differences in the far-field spot shape and steering range, which is caused by the asymmetric structure of the fiber laser phased model. In this paper, the phased array models with apertures 19, 133 and 703 have equivalent diameters. As the number of sub-aperture increases, the aperture spacing decreases and the steering range increases. Therefore, the parameters of the phased array steering system can be designed according to the actual application scenario, and the aperture size and aperture number can be selected reasonably. By studying the steering characteristics of numerous sub-aperture and meter aperture fiber laser phased arrays, this paper enriches the beam wavefront control ability of fiber laser phased array technology, which can be used for precise tracking of ultra-long-distance targets and fast beam coverage in a certain range.
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图 1 多孔径光纤激光相控阵。(a) 19孔径光纤激光相控阵基础模块；(b) 57孔径光纤激光相控阵；(c) 由基础模块构建米级等效口径光纤激光相控阵的构想图(703孔径)
Figure 1. Multi-aperture fiber laser phased array.(a) 19 apertures fiber laser phased array basic module; (b) 57 apertures fiber laser phased array; (c) Conception of meter-scale equivalent aperture fiber laser phased array from the basic module fiber laser phased array (703 apertures)
图 2 19孔径光纤激光相控阵平面结构图
Figure 2. Plane structure of 19 apertures fiber laser phased array
图 3 阶梯状相位折叠模型沿x轴的光束扫描过程
Figure 3. Beam steering process of stepped phase folding model along x-axis
图 4 光纤激光相控阵扫描模型的远场分布示意图。(a) 包络因子；(b) 网格因子；(c) 远场强度分布
Figure 4. Far-field distribution diagram of fiber laser phased array steering model.(a) Envelope factor; (b) Grid factor; (c) Far-field distribution
图 5 双对数坐标下s-θ-Δφ的关系图
Figure 5. The relationship diagram of s-θ-Δφ in double logarithmic coordinates
图 6 光纤激光相控阵模型的近场分布示意图。(a) 19孔径；(b) 133孔径；(c) 703孔径
Figure 6. Near-field distribution diagram of fiber laser phased array model. (a) 19 apertures; (b) 133 apertures; (c) 703 apertures
图 7 19孔径沿x轴扫描过程中的部分远场光斑分布图
Figure 7. Partial far-field spot distribution of 19 apertures in x-axis scanning process
图 9 703孔径沿x轴扫描过程中的部分远场光斑分布图
Figure 9. Partial far-field spot distribution of 703 apertures in x-axis scanning process
图 8 133孔径沿x轴扫描过程中的部分远场光斑分布图
Figure 8. Partial far-field spot distribution of 133 apertures in x-axis scanning process
图 10 19孔径沿y轴扫描过程中的部分远场光斑分布图
Figure 10. Partial far-field spot distribution of 19 apertures in y-axis scanning process
图 12 703孔径沿y轴扫描过程中的部分远场光斑分布图
Figure 12. Partial far-field spot distribution of 703 apertures in y-axis scanning process
图 11 133孔径沿y轴扫描过程中的部分远场光斑分布图
Figure 11. Partial far-field spot distribution of 133 apertures in y-axis scanning process
图 13 19孔径沿x轴的近衍射极限连续扫描过程图
Figure 13. Near diffraction limit continuous scanning process of 19 apertures along x-axis
图 15 703孔径沿x轴的近衍射极限连续扫描过程图
Figure 15. Near diffraction limit continuous scanning process of 703 apertures along x-axis
图 14 133孔径沿x轴的近衍射极限连续扫描过程图
Figure 14. Near diffraction limit continuous scanning process of 133 apertures along x-axis
图 16 19孔径沿y轴的近衍射极限连续扫描过程图
Figure 16. Near diffraction limit continuous scanning process of 19 apertures along y-axis
图 18 703孔径沿y轴的近衍射极限连续扫描过程图
Figure 18. Near diffraction limit continuous scanning process of 703 apertures along y-axis
图 17 133孔径沿y轴的近衍射极限连续扫描过程图
Figure 17. Near diffraction limit continuous scanning process of 133 apertures along y-axis
图 19 多孔径光纤激光相控阵在一个周期内的扫描轨迹图。
Figure 19. Scanning trajectories of multi-aperture fiber laser phased array in one period.
表 1 光纤激光相控阵模型参数
Table 1. Parameters of fiber laser phased array models
Array sizes λ/nm ω0/mm D/m d/mm sx/mm sy/mm 19 apertures 1064 79 1.1 202 112 194 133 apertures 1064 26 1.1 66 36.5 63 703 apertures 1064 11 1.1 28 15.5 26.8 
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表 2 多孔径光纤激光相控扫描结果
Table 2. Simulation results of multi-aperture fiber laser phase controlled scanning
Array sizes δθ/μrad θx/μrad θy/μrad 19 apertures 1.2 ±2.96 ±2.43 133 apertures 1.2 ±9.27 ±7.96 703 apertures 1.2 ±21.88 ±18.91
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