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Research progress of solar desalination materials produced by laser micro-nano fabrication
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摘要:
海水淡化技术在解决水资源短缺的问题上起着重要的作用，其中太阳能海水技术的研究#更是备受关注。激光微纳制造技术作为一种先进、便捷的加工方法，近年来在制备海水淡化材料领域取得了一定的研究成果。本文以太阳能海水淡化技术以及激光加工技术作为研究背景，根据研究材料的多样性，从材料的构成本质出发，将近年来关于激光微纳制造海水淡化材料的研究分为碳基类、金属基类和复合基类材料三个部分来进行阐述，最后结合当前研究，阐明该方向面临的挑战并对其前景进行展望。
Abstract:The seawater desalination technology plays an important role in solving the problem of water shortage. In particular, the research of solar seawater technology has attracted more research and industry attentions. As an advanced and convenient processing method, laser micro/nano-manufacturing technology has made some achievements in the field of preparing seawater desalination materials in recent years. Based on the solar desalination and laser processing technologies as the research background, according to diverse research materials, we summarize the research progress of laser micro/nano-manufacturing technology in the preparation of seawater desalination materials from three different aspects, including carbon-based, metal-based and composite materials. Finally, challenges and prospects of this field are provided.
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Key words:
- laser /
- micro and nano-fabrication /
- solar /
- desalination
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Overview: Seawater desalination technology plays an important role in solving the problem of water resource shortage. In particular, the research of solar seawater technology has attracted more attentions. As an advanced and convenient fabrication method, laser micro/nano-preparation technology has achieved some research results in the field of fabricating the seawater desalination materials in recent years. Based on the research background of solar desalination and laser processing technology, this paper systematically reviews the research progress of laser micro/nano-processing technology to prepare seawater desalination materials in recent years.
In the study of solar water desalination, functional materials are made to improve the efficiency of solar water evaporation. In addition, the position of functional materials in water also greatly affects the light utilization rate. A large number of studies have shown that placing functional materials on water surface is the most efficient mode to utilize light. Based on this model, not only do the functional materials require excellent optical properties, which can ensure efficient broadband solar absorption, but also they need good thermal management capabilities in order to reduce heat loss. With the development of research, people have higher requirements on machining accuracy and material functionality. However, traditional micro/nano-processing methods, such as chemical treatment, can not well meet the needs. Therefore, after a long time of exploration, laser micro/nano-machining is favored because of its high power density, high precision, wide application range and other advantages. It gradually becomes an important method in the field of micro/nano-processing, and has been widely used in the study of seawater desalination materials. The researches on laser manufacturing of seawater desalination materials in recent years are divided into three parts: carbon based, metal based and composite based materials.
The development of seawater desalination technology and laser micro/nano-processing technology are still in its infancy, and there is still a long way to go before they can be applied in industrial production. However, with the deepening of research, a new generation of high-power and high-frequency lasers will develop rapidly. The laser micro/nano-machining technology will provide higher manufacturing efficiency and operation stability at the lower cost, and the mechanism of laser processing technology will be understood more clearly. It is believed that laser micro/nano-processing will gradually promote the practice of solar water desalination and become an important research field in the future.
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图 1 根据太阳能光热转换材料(STCM，即solar thermal conversion materials)位置所划分的太阳能蒸发水的三种模式。
Figure 1. The three modes of solar water evaporates according to the location of the material.
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