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摘要:
采用非线性放大环形镜的被动锁模机制，通过加入手动可调滤波器及光纤光栅等实现单波长光谱输出，设计出一种可调谐纳秒脉冲光纤激光器。纳秒矩形脉冲由被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器产生，激光器的腔长为430 m，脉冲的重复频率为465 kHz。被动锁模光纤激光器中实现可调谐脉冲输出的关键器件包括宽带锁模器件和可调谐滤波器，其中宽带锁模器件是反射式的非线性放大环形镜。结果表明，当激光器工作在1560 nm，泵浦功率为400 mW时，脉冲宽度为10.58 ns，单脉冲能量为70.28 nJ。激光器的可调谐范围为1523.4 nm~1575 nm，比此前报道的可调谐范围要宽10 nm。
Abstract:A tunable nanosecond pulse fiber laser is demonstrated in the paper. The laser adopts the passive mode locking mechanism of the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror and a manually adjustable filter and fiber grating are added to achieve single-wavelength spectral output. The passive mode locked erbium-doped fiber laser with 430 m cavity length generates the nanosecond rectangle pulse at 465 kHz repetition rate. The tunable passive mode locked fiber laser incorporates a broad bandwidth mode locking device and a tunable filter in the cavity. The broad bandwidth mode locker is the key device for the tunable pulse output, which is based on a reflective nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. The result shows that the pulse duration and the single-pulse energy are 10.58 ns and 70.28 nJ respectively when the laser works at 1560 nm and has 400 mW pump power. The tunable range is from 1523.4 nm to 1575 nm.
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Key words:
- fiber laser /
- tunable /
- mode-locking /
- nanosecond pulse
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Overview: The tunable passive mode locked fiber laser has attracted a lot of interest because of its wide field applications, such as biomedical research and fiber optical sensing. The tunable passive mode locked fiber laser incorporate the passive mode locking technique and wavelength-selective devices in the cavity. Recently, the passive mode locked fiber lasers at 1.5 μm with a tuning range over 70 nm are demonstrated, but the pulse energy is low. The long cavity mode locked fiber laser can produce the pulse train with high pulse energy. A mode locked fiber laser with 1536 m cavity length and 10 μJ pulse energy was reported.
In this paper, we present a tunable long-cavity passive mode-locked fiber laser based on reflective nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). The reflective NALM serves as the mode locker, which is made up of a 50: 50 optical coupler (the measured ratio is 48.6: 51.4), an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, 404 m single mode fiber and two polarization controllers. The net dispersion in the cavity is -8.87 ps2. A manual tunable bandpass filter (TBF) is inserted into the cavity. The tunable range of the TBF is from 1510 nm to1580 nm.
At first, the laser at 1560 nm is investigated in detail. The laser operates in DSR region and generates rectangular pulses with 465 kHz repetition rate. Figure shows the pulse evolution at different pump powers. When the pump power increases from 100 mW to 400 mW at 50 mW interval, the pulse durations are 3.88 ns, 4.64 ns, 6.36 ns, 7.72 ns, 8.76 ns, 9.34 ns and 10.58 ns, respectively. The single-pulse energy is 70.28 nJ when the pump power is 400 mW. The tuning characteristics of the passive mode locked fiber laser is investigated by adjusting TBF's transmission wavelength. When the pump power is 400 mW, the laser can keep stable mode-locking status at the range from 1523.4 nm to 1575 nm. The threshold pump power has a little fluctuation around 80 mW. During the whole tuning range, the SNR of the laser is ~50 dB, which proves that the laser keeps stable mode-locking status during the tuning course. The pulse duration, the output power and single pulse energy have a little fluctuation because that the gain of the EDF changes with the wavelength. The tunable nanosecond pulse fiber laser has a lot of potential applications in many fields.
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图 2 不同泵浦功率下的激光器单波长光学光谱
Figure 2. Single-wavelength optical spectra of the laser output at different pump powers
图 3 基本频率模式下DSR区域的示波器微量脉冲
Figure 3. Oscilloscope trace pulse in DSR region at the fundamental frequency mode
图 4 单波长模式锁定脉冲在不同的泵功率演变
Figure 4. Single-wavelength mode locking pulse evolution at different pump powers
图 5 (红色)不同泵功率的平均输出功率和(蓝色)单脉冲能量
Figure 5. (Red) average output power and (blue) single-pulse energy at different pump powers
图 6 泵功率为400 mW激光输出的不同单波长光学光谱
Figure 6. Different single-wavelength optical spectra of the laser output at 400 mW pump power
图 7 泵功率为400 mW时对应的SNR射频
Figure 7. The corresponding SNR of radio frequency at the pump power of 400 mW
图 8 单波长模式锁定脉冲在不同中心波长的演化
Figure 8. Single-wavelength mode locking pulse evolution at different center wavelength
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