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摘要:
在微弧度级的大型望远镜中，抑制振动已经成为一项非常关键的技术。在微弧度级的大型望远镜中，抑制振动已经成为一项非常关键的技术。经典的反馈控制方法由于图像传感器本身具有采样频率低、积分时间长的特点使得控制回路的带宽受限的原因不能很好地抑制回路中的扰动，尤其是存在范围广、能量较大的宽带扰动。本文基于优化的力设计理念提出一种扰动抑制的Youla控制器优化设计方法来提高系统的宽带扰动抑制能力。在可以获取到宽带扰动频率的情况下，该方法通过设计合适的Q滤波器去适应宽带扰动，从而达到抑制扰动的目的。仿真及实验结果表明，相对于传统的比例-积分控制方法，该方法极大地提高了系统的宽带扰动抑制能力，增强了系统的闭环性能。此外，由于此方法模型依赖程度低、易于实现，故可以推广到许多工程实际中。
Abstract:Vibration rejection is a key technology of telescopes with stable accuracy of μrad level. Due to the low-rate sample and large time delay of the image sensor, the conventional control loop cannot well mitigate vibrations, especially the wideband vibrations with wide range and large energy. On the concept of optimal force design, an improved wideband vibration rejection method based on Youla parameterization is proposed to mitigate vibrations for improving the closed-loop performance of telescopes. In the case that the disturbances frequency can be obtained, this method can mitigate wideband vibrations by designing an appropriate Q-filter to accommodate to the wideband vibrations. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method greatly improves the wideband vibration rejection ability and closed-loop performance of the system compared with the traditional proportional-integral control method. In addition, this method can be extended to many engineering projects because of its low dependence and easy implementation.
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Key words:
- telescopes /
- Youla parameterization /
- Q-filter /
- wide-band vibrations rejection
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Overview: Vibration rejection is a key technology of telescopes with stable accuracy of μrad level. Because the image sensor has the characteristics of low sampling rate and large delay time, the bandwidth of the control system is limited, and the control system cannot well mitigate vibrations, especially the wideband vibrations with wide range and large energy. Therefore, some new methods of vibration rejections have been developed, such as disturbance feed-forward control, as well as some improved control structures and optimized controls. Although these methods have the advantage of the control loop bandwidth without the limitation of the low sampling rate and large delay time of image sensor, they inevitably have some disadvantages: the closed-loop performance of the system is not only affected by the low-frequency drift and high-frequency noise of the measurement link, but also by the accuracy of the disturbance and the precision of the dynamic model. Therefore, an improved wideband vibration rejection method based on Youla parameterization is proposed to reduce these problems for improving the vibration rejection ability of the system. In the case that the disturbances frequency can be obtained, this method can mitigate wideband vibrations by designing an appropriate Q-filter to accommodate to the wideband vibrations. Considering the stability and closed-loop performance of the system, this paper proposes a novel design method of Q-filter to mitigate wideband vibrations, which is based on that wideband vibrations can be viewed as the multiple narrow-band vibrations with similar central frequencies so that multiple notch filters can be designed to act simultaneously to mitigate wideband vibrations. In this paper, we focus on introduction of the improved wideband vibration rejection method and its stability, and the design of the Q-filter. What's more, experiments are carried out to verify the correctness and feasibility of the method. Because this improved EDOB controller has a low dependence on the system model, the vibration rejection ability of the control system won't be restricted by the noise in the loop. The theoretical and experimental results show that this method can effectively mitigate wideband vibrations and improve the vibrations rejection ability of the system. Furthermore, this control method only utilizes an image sensor that only provide position deviation, which is not only economical, but also convenient to implement. Moreover, this method can be used not only in the tip-tilt mirror system but also in other servo control systems because of its simple structure and design process. Next work will concentrate on automatically designing for the parameters of the Q-filter, so we need to do the online identification of disturbances firstly.
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矢量光场调控是指对光场中的振幅、相位、偏振等多参数进行精确控制的技术，以实现对光束传播和变换的高级操作[1-2]。近年来，矢量光场调控在光学信息处理[3-4]、微纳光学[5-8]、精密加工[9]、量子信息科学等领域展现出广泛的应用前景，也是当前光学领域的研究热点之一。
相比传统标量光场调控主要关注光场的振幅和相位分布，矢量光场调控进一步考虑了对偏振态的控制。矢量光场可以具有复杂的偏振分布，如线偏振、圆偏振、椭圆偏振或在空间中具有非均匀特性的矢量偏振模式。相比透镜、反射镜、相位板等传统标量光场调控器件，针对矢量光场调控，近年来还衍生出了超表面(也称超构表面)[10-11]、q-板(q-plate)等，极大提升了光场调控的自由度、维度和尺度。
《光电工程》于2024年组织的“矢量光场调控”专题旨在深入探讨矢量光场调控领域的最新研究进展、技术突破以及潜在应用。本期共择优收录了来自中国科学技术大学、浙江大学、南开大学、天津大学、四川大学、北京理工大学、湖南大学、上海理工大学、北京信息科技大学、中国科学院光电技术研究所等高校和科研院所的10篇最新研究成果，共包括7篇综述和3篇科研论文，反映了该领域的最新进展和重要研究成果，为读者了解矢量光场调控领域提供了一个全面、深入的视角。
7篇综述论文中，《超表面的矢量光场调控》深入探讨了利用超表面精确调控矢量光场振幅、相位、偏振态和传播方向的方法及其在聚焦、轨道角动量检测、高精度定位等领域的应用案例和创新成果[12]。同时，文章还前瞻性地预测了超表面调控矢量光场未来可能出现的技术突破和潜在发展方向。《矢量全息技术的研究进展与应用》凸显了矢量光场调控对记录信息密度的提高作用及其在三维显示、加密等多个领域展现出的应用潜力，文章还系统比较了标量全息与矢量全息技术[13]。《超构表面赋能的矢量光场调控、检测与应用》全面介绍了超构表面在矢量光场调控、检测与应用方面的最新研究进展，突出了超构表面在实现光子器件集成化方面提供的变革性解决方案，系统总结了超构表面矢量光场调控的原理、设计策略以及在微粒操控、全息显示和机器视觉等领域的应用[14]。《复杂结构光场的多自由度协同调控技术研究进展》系统地综述了复杂结构光场的多自由度协同调控技术，重点介绍了矢量涡旋光场的双自由度调控原理和生成技术，以及“超自由度”复杂结构光场的调控方法。同时，文章还展示了作者课题组在矢量涡旋光束腔内调控、五自由度涡旋阵列生成和经典不可分离态构造等方面的代表性成果，探讨了这些技术在光学通信、遥感探测、量子通信等领域的应用潜力和调控方法的优势[15]。《太赫兹矢量光束的研究进展》全面综述了太赫兹矢量光束的产生方法、应用及其发展前景，详细阐述了太赫兹矢量光束在无色散传输、偏振测量、成像传感、矢量全息和电子动力学等多个领域的广泛应用[16]。《矢量涡旋光场在激光微纳加工中的应用》主要探讨了矢量涡旋光场在激光微纳加工领域的应用进展，包括材料表面和内部微纳结构的加工、光存储技术以及双光子聚合加工技术；同时，还讨论了矢量涡旋光场在加工过程中的优势、挑战以及未来应用的广阔前景。论文还详细介绍了基于定制光场的图案化光致表面周期结构和立体微结构快速双光子光刻的原理与技术，为激光微纳加工提供了新的调控维度和效率提升[17]。《超表面偏振器件研究进展与展望》全面综述了超表面偏振器件研究进展，包括偏振转换、偏振分束、矢量涡旋光发生器、高阶庞加莱球光学加密、偏振多通道全息和偏振探测等，突出了超表面在偏振调控方面的创新应用和集成化优势[18]。
3篇科研论文则将作者所在擅长研究领域的最新成果呈现给读者。《用于超构表面衍射光帆光力测量的扭秤设计》提出了基于扭秤弱力测量技术的两种设计方案，分别针对形状规则和不规则的衍射光帆，实现了在真空环境中对光力的精确测量，为光帆推进和空间碎片轨道操控等应用提供了重要的实验数据支持[19]。《大视场角、等衍射角间隔的矢量超构表面分束器》提出了一种新型的大视场角、等衍射角间隔的矢量超构表面分束器，通过结合角谱法和随机搜索算法，实现了70°全角内41束等角度间隔分束，理论衍射效率高达84%，突破了传统达曼光栅的局限性[20]。《基于离轴级联超表面的轨道角动量解复用系统设计》提出了一种基于离轴级联超表面的轨道角动量解复用系统设计方法，通过引入离轴相位设计有效消除了因超表面效率降低而产生的杂散光，显著提高了系统信噪比和解复用效率，为光通信和量子通信领域提供了一种提高系统性能的创新途径[21]。
本专题的论文不仅展示了矢量光场调控领域的最新研究成果，也指出了未来研究的方向，包括三维矢量光场的调控、多模矢量光场的生成、涡旋光束的探测技术等。随着技术的不断进步，矢量光场调控有望在更多领域发挥重要作用，为光学科学带来革命性的发展。
《光电工程》从2022年开始，每年针对光场调控方向组织一个专题。2024年选择了“矢量光场调控”这一研究方向，旨在为广大科研工作者提供一个学术交流的平台，促进了矢量光场调控技术的发展。我们期待这一领域的研究能够不断深化，为科技进步和创新贡献力量。
利益冲突：所有作者声明无利益冲突
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