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Optical characteristics of one dimensional metal-dielectric photonic band gap material
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摘要:
本文描述了由不同厚度的ITO和Ag层制成的一维金属介质光子带隙材料1D M-D PBG的光学透射和反射特性。研究发现，单元尺寸小于80 nm的金属结构和较小的金属分数会导致光学透射率的提高。对于大于80 nm的单元尺寸，在可见光的低频和高频的频谱范围内反射率都相应增强。这是由于一种特殊结构和等离子体的带隙的作用。此外，在两个范围内的反射随着增加银膜厚度的增加而提高和扩大。结构引起的反射光谱随着单位尺寸的增大而增大，并且由于等离子体光子带隙的反射超出光学范围。研究结果对1D M-D PBG光学滤波器的设计有一定的参考价值。
Abstract:This paper describes the optical transmittance and reflection of one dimensional metal-dielectric photonic-band gap material (1D M-D PBG), which is made of different thicknesses ITO and Ag layers. It is found that structures with a unit size below 80 nm and a smaller metal fraction leads to improvement of optical transmittance. For unit sizes larger than 80 nm, the reflection at the shorter and longer wavelengths increases. This is due to the generation of a structural and plasmonic band gap. In addition, the reflection in both ranges increases and broadens by increasing Ag films thicknesses. The reflection spectrum induced by structure shifts towards longer wavelength as a result of unit size increasing and the reflection due to plasmonic band gap piles beyond to optical range. The results are very useful for optical filter of 1D M-D PBG design.
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Key words:
- metal photo crystals /
- optical transmittance /
- optical reflection
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Overview: This paper describes the optical transmittance and reflection of one dimensional metal-dielectric photonic-band gap material (1D M-D PBG), which is made of different thicknesses ITO and Ag layers. In this paper, there are two crucial factors determining optical transmittance were taken into account. One factor is that a structure band gap presents in the optical structure when the unit size is larger than 80 nm. The other factor is that the plasmonic band gap extends into the optical region with high metal fraction. The two factors have been never been discussed in past. The results are very helpful for visual color design and optical filter production using 1D M-D PBGs. The paper suggested that 1D M-D PBGs with lower than 100 nm ITO films favor to enhance their optical transmittance, and the structures with longer ITO films can induce improvement of optical reflection. In addition, both the reflection in structure and plasmonic band gap increases and broadens by increasing Ag films fraction. The reflection spectrum induced by structure and plasmonic shifts towards longer wavelength as a result of unit size and metal fraction increasing. It is found that the incorporation of thicker dielectric layers can enhance optical transparency when the ITO film thickness is lower than 80 nm. Once the thickness of ITO films included in 1D M-D PBG is below 60 nm, a peak appears in the transmission spectrum, and a minimum reflective band appears in the reflection spectrum. When each ITO layer is thicker than 60 nm, two transmission peaks and two reflective minima appear in the transmission and reflection spectra. In addition, the distance between the two reflective minima decreases as the ITO thickness increasing. Both the structure and plasmonic band gaps are broadened and deeper as the each thickness of Ag films becoming thicker. Once the each thickness of ITO films is 120 nm, there is a deeper structure band gap near the 450 nm. The reflection also enhance by improving the thickness of Ag films. As a result, both optical transmission and reflection can be adjusted by adopting appropriate structure. The results are very helpful for visual color design and optical filter production using 1D M-D PBGs.
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Figure 2. Optical transmission spectra simulated using FDTD for normal incidence with 3.5 pairs of layers consisting of 10 nm, 15 nm and 20 nm Ag films respectively, and a fixed ITO films thickness at 60 nm transmittance
Figure 3. Calculated effective permittivity for a ratio of Ag to ITO thickness of 1:1. 1:2, 1:3 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:10 and 1:15, according to equation (3)
Figure 4. Optical transmission spectra simulated using FDTD for normal incidence with 3.5 pairs of Ag/ITO, which consist of 20 nm, 40 nm, 60 nm, 80 nm and 100 nm ITO films, respectively, and fixed Ag films of 20 nm thickness
Figure 5. Optical transmission spectra simulated using FDTD for normal incidence with 3.5 pairs of Ag/ITO layers consisting of 120 nm, 140 nm, 160 nm, 180 nm, and 200 nm ITO films, respectively, and a fixed Ag films thickness of 20 nm
Figure 6. Optical reflection spectra simulated using FDTD for normal incidence with 3.5 pairs of Ag/ITO, consisting of Ag with thicknesses from 8 nm to 22 nm, and a fixed ITO thickness of 60 nm
Figure 7. Optical reflection spectra simulated using FDTD for normal incidence with 3.5 pairs of Ag/ITO with a Ag layer ranging from 8 nm to 22 nm thickness and fixed ITO thickness of 80 nm
Figure 8. Optical reflection spectra simulated using FDTD for normal incidence with 3.5 pairs of Ag/ITO with a Ag layer ranging from 8 nm to 22 nm and ITO films of 120 nm thickness
Table 1. Characteristics of 1D-PBG with 3.5 pairs of Ag/ITO layers consisting of 120 nm, 140 nm, 160 nm, 180 nm, and 200 nm ITO films, respectively, and a fixed Ag films thickness of 20 nm
Sample structure
(dd, dm, a, n)Band gap range
(λ1~λ2)/nmBand gap
(λ2-λ1)/nmCentral wavelength Δλ/nm (140, 20, 160, 3.5) 427~628 201 527 - (160, 20, 180, 3.5) 496~755 259 625 98 (180, 20, 200, 3.5) 551~815 264 683 58 (200, 20, 220, 3.5) 597~863 266 726 43 
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