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摘要
望远镜是空间引力波探测系统的核心组件之一，主要功能是本地激光的准直发射和远端激光的接收与压缩。望远镜作为干涉光路的一部分，直接影响测量噪声。相对于成像系统，空间引力波探测望远镜除了波前质量要求高之外，对杂散光和光程稳定性也具有极高的要求，而且后两项的挑战性更大。本文围绕望远镜核心指标的实现，对光学系统、光机结构、空间热环境与热控、杂散光仿真与抑制、稳定性测量等方面的研究进展进行了综述，可以为我国的空间引力波探测望远镜研制提供参考。
Abstract
The optical telescopes for space-based gravitational wave missions play an important role in the measurement, which both expand the beam going to the far spacecraft and efficiently collect the beam sent from the far spacecraft. The telescope, as part of the interferometric path, directly affects the measurement noise. Compared with the imaging system, the telescope for space gravitational wave observatory not only has high requirements on wavefront quality, but also has extremely high requirements on stray light performance and optical path stability, and the latter two are more challenging. The research progress of the telescope's optical system, optical-mechanical structure, space environment and thermal design, stray light simulation and suppression, and stability measurement is reviewed, which can provide a reference for the development of space gravitational telescope in our country.
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Overview
Overview: The optical telescopes for space-based gravitational wave missions play an important role in the measurement, which both expand the beam going to the far spacecraft and efficiently collect the beam sent from the far spacecraft. The telescope, as part of the interferometric path, directly affects the measurement noise. Compared with the imaging system, the telescope for space gravitational wave observatory not only has high requirements on wavefront quality, but also has extremely high requirements on stray light performance and optical path stability. In addition, the coupling of the wavefront aberration resulting from the telescope and pointing error can produce tilt-to-length (TTL) noise. One of the design goals is to minimize the TTL coupling in the transceivers. In terms of the optical system, the design baseline is an off-axis four-mirror optical system, which can meet the wavefront quality and stray light specification requirements. The optimization of the optical system is to further reduce the TTL noise and improve compatibility with the optical bench. The opto-mechanical structure of the telescope is the physical carrier to realize the optical, mechanical, and thermal design functions. The current design baseline tends to use Zerodur or ULE materials for all optical components and structures, which can ensure the optical path stability of the telescope. However, there are currently few studies on the vibration tolerance of telescopes during the launch stage. In terms of stray light, through optimization of the optical system and strict control of the surface quality of optical components, backscattered stray light can be reduced to 10−10 of the transmission power. Stray light caused by contamination of the optical surface is more serious than stray light caused by the roughness of the optical surface. Stringent anti-pollution measures need to be taken during development and storage. In terms of the thermal design, the main external heat flow disturbance in the 0.1 mHz - 1 Hz frequency band comes from the fluctuation of the solar constant. The thermal control of the telescope is closely related to the configuration of the spacecraft and the distribution of heat sources. Thermal design and optimization of telescopes need to be carried out integrated with the spacecraft. The research progress of the telescope's optical system, optomechanical structure, space environment and thermal design, stray light simulation and suppression, and stability measurement are reviewed, which can provide a reference for the development of space gravitational telescopes in our country.
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序号 指标名称 指标 指标来源 1. 波长 1064 nm 激光器 2. 远场波前 RMS 1/30λ 指向精度 3. 捕获视场 ±200 μrad 捕获时间 4. 科学视场 ±8 μrad 杂散光 5. 杂散光 10−10 位移噪声 6. 口径 Φ300 mm 收发链路功率 7. 光程稳定性 $1 \; {\rm{pm}}/\sqrt {{\rm{Hz}}} \times \sqrt {\left( {1 + { {\left( {\dfrac{ {0.003} }{f} } \right)}^4} } \right)}$ 频段：1 mHz~0.1 Hz 系统光程噪声分配/指向 8. 光学传输效率 >0.85 散粒噪声 
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