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摘要
车道线识别是自动驾驶环境感知的一项重要任务。近年来，基于卷积神经网络的深度学习方法在目标检测和场景分割中取得了很好的效果。本文借鉴语义分割的思想，设计了一个基于编码解码结构的轻量级车道线分割网络。针对卷积神经网络计算量大的问题，引入深度可分离卷积来替代普通卷积以减少卷积运算量。此外，提出了一种更高效的卷积结构LaneConv和LaneDeconv来进一步提高计算效率。为了获取更好的车道线特征表示能力，在编码阶段本文引入了一种将空间注意力和通道注意力串联的双注意力机制模块(CBAM)来提高车道线分割精度。在Tusimple车道线数据集上进行了大量实验，结果表明，本文方法能够显著提升车道线的分割速度，且在各种条件下都具有良好的分割效果和鲁棒性。与现有的车道线分割模型相比，本文方法在分割精度方面相似甚至更优，而在速度方面则有明显提升。
Abstract
Lane line recognition is an important task of automatic driving environment perception. In recent years, the deep learning method based on convolutional neural network has achieved good results in target detection and scene segmentation. Based on the idea of semantic segmentation, this paper designs a lightweight Lane segmentation network based on encoding and decoding structure. Aiming at the problem of large amount of computation of convolution neural network, the deep separable convolution is introduced to replace the ordinary convolution to reduce the amount of convolution computation. Moreover, a more efficient convolution structure of laneconv and lanedeconv is proposed to further improve the computational efficiency. Secondly, in order to obtain better lane line feature representation ability, in the coding stage, a dual attention mechanism module (CBAM) connecting spatial attention and channel attention in series is introduced to improve the accuracy of lane line segmentation. A large number of experiments are carried out on tusimple lane line data set. The results show that this method can significantly improve the lane line segmentation speed, and has a good segmentation effect and robustness under various conditions. Compared with the existing lane line segmentation models, the proposed method is similar or even better in segmentation accuracy, but significantly improved in speed.
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Overview
Overview: In recent years, the rapid development of neural network has greatly improved the efficiency of lane detection. However, convolutional neural network has become a new problem restricting the development of lane detection because of its large amount of calculation and high hardware requirements. Lane detection methods based on deep learning can be divided into two categories: detection based methods and segmentation based methods. The method based on detection has the advantages of high speed and strong ability to deal with straight lane. However, when the environment is complex and there are many curves, the detection effect is obviously not as good as the segmentation based method. This paper adopts the segmentation based method, and considers that the performance of lane detection can be improved by establishing global context correlation and enhancing the effective expression of important Lane feature channels. Attention mechanism is a model that can significantly improve network performance. It imitates the human visual processing mechanism, strengthens the attention to important information, so as to reasonably allocate network resources and improve the detection efficiency and accuracy of the network. Therefore, this paper uses the CBAM model. In this model, channel attention and spatial attention are serial to obtain better feature representation ability. Spatial attention learns the positional relationship between lane line pixels, and channel attention learns the importance of different channel features. In addition, in order to solve the problem of complex convolution calculation and slow running speed based on segmentation model, a more efficient convolution structure is proposed to improve the computational efficiency. A new fast down sampling module laneconv and a new fast up sampling module laneconv are introduced, and the depth separable convolution is introduced to further reduce the amount of calculation. They are located in the coding part of the network. The decoding part outputs the binary segmentation result. Then, the results are clustered by DBSCAN to obtain the lane line. After clustering, compared with the complex post-processing in other literature, this paper only uses simple cubic fitting to fit the lane line, which further improves the speed. Therefore, the running speed of the model proposed in this paper is better than most segmentation based methods. Finally, a large number of experiments are carried out on tusimple Lane database. The results show that the method has good robustness under various road conditions, especially in the case of occlusion. Compared with the existing models, it has comprehensive advantages in detection accuracy and speed.
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图 2 网络参数与轻量化卷积结构图
Figure 2. The parameters of the network and illustration of LaneConv and LaneDeconv
图 4 (a) LaneConv结构图；(b) LaneDeconv结构图
Figure 4. (a) Laneconv structure; (b) Lanedeconv structure
图 8 在TuSimple数据集下本文方法和基准的可视化结果比较。
Figure 8. Comparison between visualization results of baseline and our method on TuSimple.
图 10 本文方法在某些典型情况下生成的视觉结果
Figure 10. Visual results generated by our method on some of typical scenarios
表 1 参数量和计算量对比
Table 1. Comparison of parameters and computations
Name Parameters Computations 3*3 Conv 9C2 9HWC2 LaneConv 3C2 9HWC2/8 2*2 DeConv 4C2 4HWC2 LaneDeConv 7C2/4 7HWC2/4 
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表 2 与其他方法在Tusimple数据集上的比较结果
Table 2. Comparison results with other methods on tusimple dataset
方法 Acc/(%) FP/(%) FN/(%) Speed/(f/s) mIoU/(%) 基于检测的方法 PointLaneNet 96.34 4.67 5.18 71.0 N/A PolyLaneNet 93.36 9.42 9.33 115.0 N/A 基于分割的方法 SCNN 96.53 6.17 1.80 7.5 57.37 VGG-LaneNet 94.03 10.2 11.0 1.7 41.34 LaneNet 94.42 9.0 9.0 62.5 56.59 Method 1 94.34 9.1 8.4 102.4 56.08 Method 2 95.70 8.3 4.31 58.6 65.22 Method 3 95.64 8.5 4.45 98.7 64.46 注意：表中的N/A表示相关论文未提及或无法复制该项目，Method 1加入了新引入的卷积结构但未加入CBAM，Method 2使用普通卷积结构但加入了CBAM，Method 3同时加入了CBAM和新引入的卷积结构
下载: 导出CSV
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参考文献
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