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摘要
本文根据散射矩阵方法模拟等离子体并建立了非均匀等离子体理论模型，并在此基础上计算了0.1 THz~10 THz频段的全波段太赫兹波在其中的传输特性。根据介质阻挡放电原理在实验室环境下搭建等离子体射流产生装置并产生非均匀等离子体，进行了太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)以及宽带太赫兹源在等离子体中的透射光谱测量以及太赫兹波对等离子体遮挡下目标物的反射成像的试验。理论和实验结果均表明，较高频太赫兹波在等离子体中有良好的穿透性，这为太赫兹波在黑障区的通信以及雷达探测应用打下研究基础。
Abstract
In this paper, the theoretical model of ununiform plasma sheath is established based on scattering matrix method and the transmission characteristics of 0.1 THz~10 THz wave are simulated. A kind of plasma jet is produced in laboratory environment according to the principle of dielectric barrier discharge. Then the measurement of transmission spectrum of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), broadband terahertz source, and the terahertz wave reflective imaging of target under plasma shelter are carried out, respectively. Both theory and experiment results show that terahertz wave has good penetration in plasma, which provides a new way for communication and radar detection in blackout area.
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Key words:
- terahertz wave /
- plasma sheath /
- propagation characteristics
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Overview
Overview: Terahertz radiation is generally referred to the electromagnetic wave in the frequency range of 0.1 THz~10 THz, which is between millimeter wave and infrared wave in the electromagnetic spectrum, and it has the characteristics of coherence, instantaneity, low electron energy, and good penetrability. For a long time, terahertz wave has not been fully exploited and utilized compared with other bands of electromagnetic wave due to the lack of efficient terahertz radiation sources and high sensitivity terahertz detectors. In recent years, with the development of terahertz generation and detection technology, scientists have a deeper understanding of terahertz wave. Terahertz technology has also been widely used in more and more fields, such as terahertz security inspection, terahertz imaging, and terahertz communication. After entering the near space, a high-temperature and high-pressure environment is produced surrounding the hypersonic vehicle under the fierce interaction of the vehicle and atmosphere, which can ionize the gas around the vehicle, and thus produce a layer of plasma sheath covering the vehicle. The existence of plasma sheath will cause the distortion of communication signal and even interrupt it, here comes the well-known "blackout" problem. With the rapid development of aerospace industry, especially the utilization and development of near space, plasma sheath has become an urgent problem to be solved. Current research shows that increasing the frequency of electromagnetic wave higher than the plasma oscillation frequency can effectively reduce the shielding effect of plasma on electromagnetic wave, and the frequency of terahertz wave is much higher than that of microwave, so it can propagate better in plasma than microwave, which provides an effective method to solve the problem of plasma sheath. The NASA's RAM project in 1970s explored the attenuation effect of plasma medium on microwaves, and put forward various theories and methods for reducing the blackout issue. Since then, many attempts have been made to reduce the impact of plasma sheath on communication signal. However, many of the studies focus on microwave band. Terahertz wave has a desirable prospect in solving the blackout problem, so it is of great practical significance to study the propagation of terahertz wave in plasma. In this paper, the theoretical model of plasma is established, and the propagation of 0.1 THz~10 THz terahertz wave in plasma is simulated. Then the experiment of terahertz wave reflection imaging of target under plasma shelter are carried out. Both theory and experiment results show that terahertz wave has good penetration in plasma. This study will lay a theoretical foundation for solving the plasma blackout problem of hypersonic vehicle in near space.
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图 3 太赫兹波在等离子体中的传输特性。(a)透射率；(b)反射率；(c)吸收率
Figure 3. Propagation characteristics of terahertz wave in plasma. (a) Transmittance; (b) Reflectance; (c) Absorbance
图 4 介质阻挡放电。(a)装置结构图；(b)等离子体射流
Figure 4. Dielectric barrier discharge. (a) Device structure; (b) Plasma jet
图 5 THz-TDS 透射率测量系统
Figure 5. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy transmittance measurement system
图 6 宽带太赫兹源透射率测量系统
Figure 6. Broadband terahertz source transmittance measurement system
图 7 太赫兹波在等离子体中透射率。(a) THz-TDS实验测量结果；(b)宽带源实验测量结果
Figure 7. Transmittance of terahertz wave in plasma. (a) Measurement result with THz-TDS; (b) Measurement result with broadband source
图 9 目标物及其太赫兹波反射成像。(a)垫片；(b)螺母；(c)垫片反射成像；(d)螺母反射成像
Figure 9. Target and terahertz wave reflection imaging. Optical image of (a) a shim and (b) a nut; (c) Reflection image of the shim and (d) reflection image of the nut
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