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3 μm波长Er:ZBLAN光纤激光器研究进展

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文章导航 > 光电工程 > 2019 Vol. 46 > No. 8 > 190070

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张新, 舒世立, 佟存柱. 3 μm波长Er:ZBLAN光纤激光器研究进展[J]. 光电工程, 2019, 46(8): 190070. doi: 10.12086/oee.2019.190070
引用本文: 张新, 舒世立, 佟存柱. 3 μm波长Er:ZBLAN光纤激光器研究进展[J]. 光电工程, 2019, 46(8): 190070. doi: 10.12086/oee.2019.190070
shu
Zhang Xin, Shu Shili, Tong Cunzhu. Research progress of Er:ZBLAN fiber lasers at the wavelength of 3 μm[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2019, 46(8): 190070. doi: 10.12086/oee.2019.190070
Citation: Zhang Xin, Shu Shili, Tong Cunzhu. Research progress of Er:ZBLAN fiber lasers at the wavelength of 3 μm[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2019, 46(8): 190070. doi: 10.12086/oee.2019.190070
shu

3 μm波长Er:ZBLAN光纤激光器研究进展

    • 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所发光学及应用国家重点实验室，吉林 长春 130033

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金重大项目资助(61790584)
详细信息
    作者简介:
  • 张新(1991-)，男，硕士，主要从事中红外光纤激光器的研究。E-mail：zhang315xin@ciomp.ac.cn
    • *通讯作者: 舒世立(1986-)，男，博士，副研究员，主要从事中红外激光器及合束的研究。E-mail：shushili@ciomp.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: O436.3; TN248

Research progress of Er:ZBLAN fiber lasers at the wavelength of 3 μm

    • State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China

  • Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61790584)
More Information
    摘要

  • 波长在3 μm附近的中红外Er掺杂的氟化物(Er:ZBLAN)光纤激光器凭借其良好的光束质量、体积小、可盘绕、易于实现等优势广泛应用于工业、医疗、军事等领域。本文主要介绍了基于Er:ZBLAN光纤激光器的发展现状，讨论了它们在发展中遇到的技术难题，总结并展望了其未来的发展方向。针对目前研究现状，提出多级放大将会是进一步提升3 μm Er:ZBLAN光纤激光器单路激光功率的方法。为了突破单路激光的功率极限，将其与光纤合束技术融合将会成为未来的一个研究方向。

    Mid-infrared Er:ZBLAN fiber laser emitting at the wavelength of 3 μm is widely used in industry, medicine, military and other fields due to its advantages such as good beam quality, small size, coiling-ability and easy realization. In this paper, the development status of Er:ZBLAN fiber laser is introduced. The technical difficulties encountered in the development of Er:ZBLAN fiber laser are discussed. Moreover, their future development directions are also summarized and prospected. According to the current research situation, it is proposed that multi-stage amplification will be a method to further improve the single laser power of 3 μm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser. In order to breakthrough the power limit of single laser, the integration of single laser and fiber beam combination technology will become a research direction in the future.

    • Overview

  • Overview: Laser emitting at the wavelength of 3 μm has great demand for a wide range of scientific and technological applications, including military, medicine and communication. The laser emitting at this special wavelength can be generated by using crystals, glass, semiconductors, and gases as gain media. Compared with these gain media, Er doped ZBLAN (Er:ZBLAN) fiber used as gain media for 3 μm laser has larger surface area and volume ratio, which is conductive to heat dissipation. Its special waveguide structure is also conductive to high beam quality. And it can be pumped by 976 nm diode. Therefore, the 976 nm pumped Er:ZBLAN fiber is a common method to realize laser emitting at 3 μm. In this paper, the recently research progress of 3 μm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser is reviewed from both continuous and pulsed directions. For CW 3 μm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser, spatial coupling and all-fiber structure are two main methods for power scaling. Spatial coupling is a common and easy to realize method, but the end face of Er:ZBLAN fiber is easily damaged due to thermal accumulation and deliquescence. However, all-fiber structure does not need to consider the damage of the end face caused by thermal accumulation and the coupling efficiency is higher than that of spatial coupling. It is reported that only the University of Laval has realized the all-fiber structure emitting at 3 μm based on fluoride fiber Bragg grating, and recently the power has been further increased to 41.6 W. The fluoride fiber Bragg grating is the key device for all-fiber structure to achieve this high power. So the research of fluoride fiber device is important for the development of Er:ZBLAN fiber laser. For pulsed 3 μm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser, Q-switched and mode-locked are two main methods to realize Er:ZBLAN fiber laser pulse emmiting. Active and passive Q-switched has been used to the accomplish the Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser. Compared to the passive Q-switched method, the active Q-switched can get higher peak power. In order to accomplish femtosecond 3 μm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser, the mode-locked method was also used, including nonlinear polarization evolution and saturable absorber.

    At present, the power of both CW and pulsed 3 μm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser still have a large room for improvement. The multi-stage pulse amplification can rise laser energy, especially for femtosecond 3 μm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser. In order to breakthough the power limit of single laser, the fiber combining will be the best choice to improve the power of CW and pulsed 3 μm Er:ZBLAN fiber laser.

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  • 图 1  Er离子能级图[18]。其中EUT1和ETU2分别是作用在4I13/2和4I11/2两个能级上的能级上转换

    Figure 1.  The energy-level scheme of Er [18]. EUT1 and ETU2 are energy-transfer upconversions at 4I13/2 and 4I11/2, respectively

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  2 W可调谐激光器示意图[20]

    Figure 2.  The schematic of 2 W tunable laser[20]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 3  10 W中红外激光器结构示意图和功率曲线[23]。(a)结构示意图；(b)功率曲线

    Figure 3.  The structure diagram of 10 W mid-infrared laser and power curve[23]. (a) Schematic of mid-infrared laser; (b) Power curve of the mid-infrared laser

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 4  液体冷却双端泵浦中红外激光结构示意图[25]

    Figure 4.  The structure diagram of liquid-cooled double-ended pump mid-infrared laser[25]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 5  光纤光栅作为反馈的Er:ZBLAN全光纤激光器[27]

    Figure 5.  Diagram of Er:ZBLAN all fiber laser with a FBG reflector[27]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 6  30 W全光纤结构的中红外激光器[28]

    Figure 6.  Structure diagram of 30 W all-fiber mid-infrared laser[28]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 7  机械调Q Er:ZBLAN光纤激光器[35]

    Figure 7.  The structure diagram of mechanical Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser[35]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 8  Er:ZBLAN光纤激光器的非线性偏振变化锁模[46]

    Figure 8.  Structure diagram of NPE mode locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser[46]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 9  多层石墨烯作为可饱和吸收的Er:ZBLAN光纤激光器锁模结构示意图[50]

    Figure 9.  Diagram of mode locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser using multi-layer grapheme as saturable absorber[50]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片
    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    表 1  近几年Er:ZBLAN光纤调Q激光器研究情况

    Table 1.  The research on Er:ZBLAN fiber Q-switched lasers in recent years

    波长/μm 主动/被动 调制装置 脉冲宽度/ns 平均功率/W 重复频率/kHz 脉冲能量/μJ 年，参考文献
    2.8 主动 AOM 90 12 120 100 2011, 文献[34]
    2.78 被动 石墨烯 2900 0.062 37 1.67 2013, 文献[39]
    2.8 被动 石墨烯 400 0.38 59 6.4 2013, 文献[40]
    2.8 被动 黑磷 1180 0.485 63 7.7 2015, 文献[41]
    2.795 被动 SESAM 315 1.01 146.3 6.9 2016, 文献[36]
    2.78 被动 Fe2+:ZnSe 742 0.822 102.94 7.98 2016, 文献[37]
    2.8 被动 Bi2Te3拓扑体 1300 0.856 92 9.3 2016, 文献[38]
    2.78 主动 机械调Q 127.3 1.3 10 130 2017, 文献[35]
    2.78 被动 Fe2+:ZnSe 430 0.873 160.82 5.43 2018, 文献[42]
    2.8 被动 Gold nanostar 536 0.454 125 3.6 2018, 文献[43]
    2.8 被动 MoS2 806 0.14 70 2 2019, 文献[44]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  近几年Er:ZBLAN光纤锁模激光器研究情况

    Table 2.  The research on Er:ZBLAN fiber mode-locking lasers in recent years

    波长/μm 可饱和吸收体 脉冲能量/nJ 脉冲宽度/ps 平均功率/mW 峰值功率/kW 重复频率/MHz 年，参考文献
    2.8 NPE 0.8 0.207 44 3.5 55.2 2015, 文献[46]
    2.8 SESAM 44.3 25 1000 1.86 22.56 2015, 文献[48]
    2.8 黑鳞 25.5 42 613 0.608 24 2015, 文献[49]
    2.8 NPE 3.62 0.497 206 6.4 56.7 2015, 文献[47]
    2.8 石墨烯 0.7 42 18 0.017 25.4 2016, 文献[50]
    2.777 SESAM 7 6.4 200 1.1 28.9 2017, 文献[51]
    下载: 导出CSV
    • 参考文献(52)
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收稿日期:  2019-02-21
修回日期:  2019-05-20
刊出日期:  2019-08-01

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