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摘要
本文提出将两个纤维增强复合材料(FRP)封装的光纤光栅(FBG)安装于角钢梁的两个面上，用来实现对角钢梁位移大小和方向的测量，实现对角钢结构的健康检测。本文将传感器分别安装在角钢梁不同面上的各个位置，通过有限元分析模拟了角钢梁结构的位移和传感器应变传递的关系，对传感器的安装位置进行优化设计，并进行了实验验证。仿真模拟和实验结果表明，传感器安装在合理位置能够实现角钢梁一端位移的大小测量和方向判别。研究结果对于利用光纤传感器实现对角钢构成的结构如桥梁、电塔、吊车等的健康监测提供了基础研究。
Abstract
In this paper, two fiber reinforced polymer/plastic (FRP) encapsulated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were installed on the two sides of the angle steel beam, which was used to measure the displacement and direction of the diagonal steel beam, so as to realize the health inspection of the angle steel structure. The sensors were respectively installed on the different positions of angle steel beam, and the relationship between displacement and strain transmission of angle steel beam was simulated by the finite element analysis. The optimum design of sensors installation were discussed and the experimental verification was carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that the sensor has the capacity to discriminate the direction and measure the size of one side of the angle steel beam displacement when installed in a reasonable position. To realize the health monitoring by using optical fiber sensors on the structures composed by angle steel, such as bridges, electric towers and cranes, and so on, a basic research was provided.
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Overview
Overview: In this paper, two fiber reinforced polymer/plastic (FRP) encapsulated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are installed on the two sides of the angle steel beam, which are used to measure the displacement and direction of the diagonal steel beam, so as to realize the health inspection of the angle steel structure. Compared with the traditional angle sensors, fiber Bragg grating is chosen as the sensor in this paper for its excellent characteristics of small volume, light weight, anti-electromagnetic interference, good electrical insulation and stable performance in harsh environment. The FBG is protected by FRP encapsulation to ensure that the sensor can work steadily in the severe working environment of the angle steel. Besides, according to the shape of the angle steel beam, the sensor installation fixture is designed to facilitate changing the installation position of the sensor on the angle steel beam. The influence of the installation of the sensor and the sensor fixture on the angle steel beam is analyzed by the finite element method. It is found that the fixture installation has no effect on the strain distribution on the surface of the angle steel beam, Based on these, the transfer relationship between sensor strain and displacement of angle beam are carefully analyzed on the different sensor installation positions of the angle beam. The sensitivity and errors of sensor are analyzed at each side of position 0, 1, 2 and gets the result that the sensor can achieve maximum sensitivity and minimum errors when being installed at position 2 on any surfaces or at any installation positions on surface 3 or 4. Finally, sensor mounted on surface 3 is chosen for experimental verification. The experimental results are in agreement with the simulation results. At the same time, it can be seen that the displacement and direction of the diagonal steel beams can be measured by the sensor installed at the position 2 on the surface 3. In this paper, optimization design of the installation positions of the FRP fiber Bragg grating sensor on the different surfaces of the angle steel beam are discussed and the experimental verification is carried out the experimental. To achieve the health monitoring by using optical fiber sensors on the structures composed by angle steel, such as bridges, electric towers and cranes, and so on, a basic research is provided.
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图 1 (a) FRP光纤光栅传感器生产示意图；(b) FRP封装光纤光栅传感器
Figure 1. (a) FRP fiber grating sensor production diagram; (b) FRP fiber grating sensor
图 2 (a) 角钢梁示意图；(b)各面夹具安装示意图
Figure 2. (a) Angle steel diagram; (b) Installation of various fixtures
图 3 角钢梁各面夹具安装不同位置N1、N2的应变响应。(a) 1面；(b) 2面；(c) 3面；(d) 4面
Figure 3. N1, N2 strain response in different positions of the fixture installed in each side of the angle steel. (a) Surface 1; (b) Surface 2; (c) Surface 3; (d) Surface 4
图 4 各面上传感器的响应与角钢位移关系。(a) 1面安装；(b) 2面安装；(c) 3面安装；(d) 4面安装
Figure 4. The response of the sensors on each side is related to the displacement of the angle steel. Installation on (a) surface 1, (b) surface 2, (c) surface 3 and (d) surface 4
图 5 各面上传感器响应与位移关系。(a) X方向位移下x的误差；(b) Y方向位移下y的误差
Figure 5. Sensor response and displacement on each surface. (a) The error of x under the direction of X displacement; (b) The error of y under the direction of Y displacement
图 7 3面上传感器的响应。(a)仿真；(b)实验
Figure 7. Sensor response on the surface 3. (a) Simulation; (b) Experiment
表 1 传感器在各面及各位置处X, Y方向的灵敏度
Table 1. The sensor responds on all sides to the angular displacement
(με/mm) Position Surface 1 Surface 2 Surface 3 Surface 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y 0 -2.966 -2.865 -4.083 -3.275 11.584 18.012 24.835 3.687 1 -19.487 0.120 -3.464 -16.356 1.137 20.574 26.539 -4.704 2 -34.545 1.271 -4.239 -28.142 -11.831 25.402 30.166 -13.951 
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表 2 3面上传感器的灵敏度
Table 2. Sensitivity of the sensor on the surface 3
(με/mm) Position Simulation Experiment X Y X Y 0 11.584 18.012 15.741 11.191 1 1.137 20.574 1.425 14.149 2 -11.831 25.402 -7.341 15.229
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