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长距离分布式布里渊光纤传感关键技术进展分析

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文章导航 > 光电工程 > 2018 Vol. 45 > No. 9 > 170484

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王本章, 逄超, 周登望, 等. 长距离分布式布里渊光纤传感关键技术进展分析[J]. 光电工程, 2018, 45(9): 170484. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.170484
引用本文: 王本章, 逄超, 周登望, 等. 长距离分布式布里渊光纤传感关键技术进展分析[J]. 光电工程, 2018, 45(9): 170484. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.170484
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Wang Benzhang, Pang Chao, Zhou Dengwang, et al. Advances of key technologies in long-range distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2018, 45(9): 170484. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.170484
Citation: Wang Benzhang, Pang Chao, Zhou Dengwang, et al. Advances of key technologies in long-range distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2018, 45(9): 170484. doi: 10.12086/oee.2018.170484
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长距离分布式布里渊光纤传感关键技术进展分析

    • 哈尔滨工业大学可调谐激光技术国家级重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(61575052)；国家重大科学仪器设备开发重大专项(2017YFF0108700)
详细信息
    作者简介:
  • 王本章(1991-)，男，博士研究生，主要从事光纤传感方面的研究。E-mail: wangbenzhang@hotmail.com
    • *通讯作者: 董永康(1981-)，男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事非线性光学、光纤传感和结构健康监测方面的研究。E-mail: aldendong@163.com

  • 中图分类号: O436.3;TN253

Advances of key technologies in long-range distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing

    • National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China

  • Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Fund of China (61575052) and National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects, China (2017YFF0108700)
More Information
    摘要

  • 布里渊光纤传感通过光纤中受激布里渊散射效应实现温度和应变测量，具有空间分辨率高、传感距离长和测量精度高等特点，因此分布式布里渊光纤传感成为近年的研究热点。本文通过对长距离分布式布里渊光纤传感研究进展的调研和分析，概括了长距离布里渊传感面临的主要限制因素和解决的关键技术，重点介绍了基于时分复用、频分复用、脉冲编码、宽带频率调制和图像处理算法的长距离布里渊光纤传感技术。随着长距离布里渊光纤传感器的实际工程化，对于快速测量的需求愈发显著，这将是未来长距离布里渊光纤传感的主要研究方向。

    Brillouin fiber sensing using stimulated Brillouin scattering in fibers to measure temperature and stress with the features of high-spatial resolution, long sensing range, small measurement error, etc. Therefore, Brillouin fiber sensing becomes the hotspot in recent two or three decades. Through research and analysis on the progress of long range distributed Brillouin sensing, main limitations and key techniques are generalized in this paper. Long range sensing schemes based on time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, pulse coding, wide-bandwidth frequency modulation and image processing methods are emphatically introduced here. With long range Brillouin sensors applied in practice, increasing demand for fast measurement emerges, which we believe will be dominant in the research of long range Brillouin fiber sensing in the future.

    • Overview

  • Overview: The distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensors have gain considerable interests, due to their capabilities of monitoring strain and temperature. The Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) system, which is the typical representation of distributed Brillouin sensors, features high spatial resolution, long range and fast measurement. In recent years, the BOTDA sensors have been widely used in oil and gas pipelines to detect the leakage, civil structure health monitoring and cable temperature sensing. The distributed BOTDA sensors are promising tools to these and other applications that need for monitoring large distances.

    However, the sensing range of BOTDA sensors is fundamentally determined by the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The continuous probe power is limited by the Brillouin threshold, while the modulation instability (MI) or the self-phase modulation (SPM) is the main obstacle to input high power pump pulse. We have systematically investigated the impact of MI and SPM on long-range BOTDA system theoretically and experimentally. Besides, the pump depletion and non-local effect is detrimental to the long-range BOTDA sensors performance.

    Several impressive technologies have been proposed to extend the sensing range of BOTDA system. In 2010, the coding BOTDA is firstly proposed to increase the SNR effectively by Soto et al. Then they utilize the pre-amplification and Raman amplification to further extend the sensing range to 120 km with an accuracy of 2.2 ℃ or 44 με in 2012. In 2011, Dong et al proposed the time division BOTDA to decrease the SBS interaction range and realized a 100 km Brillouin fiber sensing. In the same vein, the frequency division combining the in-line EDFAs BOTDA achieved a 150km sensing range with a 2 m spatial resolution. In 2016, the Spanish group demonstrated a BOTDA sensor in loss configuration with the optical frequency of the probe wave modulating along the fiber. It had several advantages such as high Brillouin threshold, overcoming the non-local effect and no additional amplifier. In the same year, the Swiss team firstly utilized the image denoising and it was able to enhance the SNR 14 dB in 50 km fiber. Imaging denoising was an effective method to increase the SNR in BOTDA system with no hardware modification.

    In summary, long range Brillouin sensing schemes based on time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, pulse coding, wide-bandwidth frequency modulation and image denoising are introduced in this paper. With long range Brillouin sensors applied in practice, increasing demand for fast measurement emerges, which we believe will be dominant in the research of long range Brillouin fiber sensing in the future.

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  • 图 1  BOTDA系统示意图

    Figure 1.  The operation principle of BOTDA system

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  在25 km正常色散光纤中，利用不同功率高斯脉冲光测得的布里渊增益谱[18]

    Figure 2.  Measured Brillouin spectra in the end of the 25 km fibers with a Gaussian pump pulse at different powers for 25 km normal dispersion fiber[18]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 3  在25 km反常色散光纤中，利用700 mW方形脉冲光测得的布里渊三维增益谱[18]

    Figure 3.  Measured three-dimensional Brillouin spectra with a square pump pulse at a power of 700 mW in 25 km anomalous dispersion fiber[18]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 4  11段传感光纤的布里渊信号时域波形。泵浦光与探测光的频率差分别为：(a) 10.535 GHz; (b)~(c) 10.580 GHz; (d)~(k) 10.530 GHz[14]

    Figure 4.  Time traces of the Brillouin signal for 11 sections. The frequency offset between the probe and pump waves is locked at 10.535 MHz for (a), 10.580 MHz for (b)~(c), and 10.530 MHz for (d)~(k)[14]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 5  (a) 100 km末端布里渊频移；(b)加热部分传感光纤布里渊增益谱[14]

    Figure 5.  (a) Measured BFS in the far end of the 100 km sensing fiber; (b) A typical spectrum of the heated fiber near the end of 100 km[14]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 6  频分复用150 km光纤排列示意图[9]

    Figure 6.  Layout of the sensing fibers and in-line EDFAs[9]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 7  150 km光纤三维布里渊增益谱俯视图[9]

    Figure 7.  Top view of the measured three-dimensional Brillouin spectra over 150 km sensing fibers[9]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 8  频率差在10.986 GHz的BOTDA时域信号，黑色为511位编码方法，灰色为单脉冲方法[11]

    Figure 8.  BOTDA traces at 10.986 GHz for both simplex coding (black line) and single-pulse (gray line) cases[11]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 9  探测光频率周期调制技术原理[15]

    Figure 9.  undamentals of probe frequency modulation technology[15]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 10  100 km光纤三维布里渊损耗谱[15]

    Figure 10.  Brillouin loss spectra distribution over 100 km fibers[15]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 11  图像处理前后峰值布里渊增益处布里渊信号[17]

    Figure 11.  BOTDA trace at the peak Brillouin gain frequency obtained from the raw (blue lines) and denoised (red lines) data[17]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 12  图像处理前后，在100 km附近得到的布里渊增益谱[17]

    Figure 12.  Brillouin gain spectrum measured near 100 km distance, obtained from the raw and denoised data[17]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    表 1  100 km传感光纤分段情况[14]

    Table 1.  Division of 100 km sensing fiber[14]

    Number of section Length/km Brillouin gain Pump pulse width/μs
    1 50 0.34 500
    2 14 0.33 140
    3 9 0.35 90
    4 6 0.33 60
    5 5 0.36 50
    6 4 0.35 40
    7 3 0.31 30
    8 3 0.35 30
    9 2 0.27 20
    10 2 0.29 20
    11 2 0.32 20
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    • 参考文献(23)
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收稿日期:  2017-12-05
修回日期:  2018-05-10
刊出日期:  2018-09-01

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