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Spectral analysis made by Mach-Zehnder interferometer for atmospheric backscattering
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摘要
论证了马赫-曾德尔干涉仪对532 nm/354.7 nm大气后向散射的频谱分析性能。马赫-曾德尔干涉仪接收激光大气后向散射回波，通过测量双臂光路、正交偏振、四通道结构形成的干涉相位差和干涉对比度，计算大气的多普勒频移，以及大气气溶胶后向散射与气体分子后向散射的比值；发射脉冲激光器及其倍频器可以直接工作在多纵模状态下，大气的后向散射的频谱分析器可以不必与发射光中心频率锁定；给出同时探测大气的后向散射比分布廓线及大气风速的分析方法。马赫-曾德尔干涉仪作为大气后向散射的频谱分析器，若应用于高光谱分辨率激光雷达中，将成为一个性能优秀、前景广阔的大气分析装置。
Abstract
The ability to analyze the spectra of 532 nm/354.7 nm backscatter signal of atmosphere for Mach-Zehdner interferometer is demonstrated. The Mach-Zehdner interferometer accepts return signal. The phase difference and interference contrast are measured, which are formed by the interferometer's double arm, polarization and quadro-channels, and Doppler frequency shift of atmosphere and backscatter ratio of aerosol backscatter to molecular backscatter are derived. Transmitter laser can operate with multi-longitudinal mode, and Mie backscattering and Rayleigh backscattering analysis spectrograph is free from locking to laser frequency. Analysis method of simultaneous measurements atmosphere aerosol backscattering ratio profile and wind profile are also discussed. If Mach-Zehnder interferometer is employed as atmospheric backscatter signal's frequency spectrum analyzer, this high spectral resolution lidar will become an atmosphere analysis instrument with excellent performance and anticipant prospect.
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Overview
The ability to analyze the spectra of 532 nm/354.7 nm backscatter signal of atmosphere for Mach-Zehdner interferometer is demonstrated. The Mach-Zehdner interferometer accepts return signal. The phase difference and interference contrast are measured, which are formed by the interferometer’s double arm, polarization and quadro-channels, and Doppler frequency shift of atmosphere and backscatter ratio of aerosol backscatter to molecular backscatter are derived.
Unlike the previously developed high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) by use of Fabry–Perot interferometers or iodine filters, the Mach-Zehdner interferometer (MZI) receiver does not separate the molecule and particle scatterings. We perform the backscatter ratio determination by deriving the interference contrast from the signal delivered by the different channels. In the same way, the Doppler shift is calculated by the difference in the interference state between the outgoing pulse and the backscattered signal. For both retrievals it is then unnecessary to lock the emitted frequency onto the receiver as required by most HSRL devices to reduce bias in the signal analysis. Only relative frequency stability is necessary during signal averaging, which is a more easily achievable requirement. Another characteristic of the MZI receiver is that it transmits all the incident photons in contrast to most of the HSRL devices that use only the signal that is transmitted through a highly selective filter, and Michelson interferometer receiver reflects half of all the incident photons. The MZI receiver allows larger signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the MZI compared with the HSRL devices, as long as the noise is not dominated by the background light contribution. It must also be noted that the measurements of the backscatter ratio and the wind velocity can be performed independently and do not require cross corrections.
We prove physics theory of an HSRL using a laser that oscillates in a multi-longitudinal mode. The instrument exploits the light backscattered by particles using an MZI with an optical path difference matched to the free spectral range of the laser longitudinal modes. Rayleigh and Mie scattering components are acquired using an MZI with the same free spectral range (FSR) as the transmitted laser. The transmitted laser light is measured as a reference signal with the same MZI. Using rectangular prism reflex light path built up double optical arms, one of the same class geometrical model of MZI is devised. With combination magnesium fluoride crystal and mountain crystal two crystals material, a quarter wave plate is devised, and then it makes MZI adapt to two types 532 nm/354.7 nm wavelength light echo synchronously. If MZI is employed as atmospheric backscatter signal’s frequency spectrum analyzer, this high spectral resolution lidar will become an atmosphere analysis instrument with excellent performance and anticipant prospect.
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图 2 马赫-曾德干涉仪的一种有效实现形式.
Figure 2. An effective implementing form for Mach–Zehnder interferometer.
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参考文献
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