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摘要:
微结构薄膜望远镜通过表面微纳结构调制光波相位和传播方向，具有轻量化、公差容限大、易于折叠展开的特点，因此成为大口径轻量化空间光学成像技术中的颠覆性技术。本文通过对国内外微纳薄膜望远镜研究进展的调研和分析，概括了薄膜望远镜研制的关键技术和主要技术途径，重点分析了薄膜材料制备、微结构类型研究、系统光学设计理论等内容。微纳薄膜望远镜研制涉及材料、空间环境工程、微纳加工工艺、精密机械和二元光学等众多交叉学科，随着工程化程度要求的提高，会出现新的技术问题，而随着问题的解决很可能获得具有影响力的科技成果。
Abstract:Microstructure membrane optics using surface microstructure on flat thin film to modulate wave can break through these limitations and become an advanced space optical imaging technology. Through the research and analysis of related technologies at home and abroad, this paper reviewed the advances of the membrane telescopes and focused on membrane material, microstructure type and optical system design. The implementation of membrane telescopes involves many interdisciplinary disciplines such as materials, space environment engineering, nanofabrication technology, precision machinery binary optics and so on.
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Key words:
- microstructure /
- polyimide film material /
- high resolution imaging /
- membrane telescope
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Abstract: Since optical images can intuitively describe the details of objects and get the rich level information of the scene, the optical imaging system has become one of the key earth observing systems. The higher the resolution of the space optical telescope system is, the more information can be got from ground object and the greater the value of the system is. The system resolution depends mainly on the aperture of the telescopes according to the Rayleigh criterion. While for the traditional refraction and reflection optical systems, increasing the aperture encountered several technical bottlenecks such as the rapidly increasing weight, tight optical tolerances, limits packaging and deploying. Under the existing carrying capacities, it is more difficult to launch large reflection telescope than 10 meters even with the best current lightweight mirror designs. To solve these problems, a new lightweight microstructure membrane imaging technology was proposed. This technology uses surface microstructure on flat thin film to modulate light waves subverted the traditional imaging methods based on Snell principle. The figure tolerance on the thin film with uniform thickness can be greatly reduced than the mirror and the weight could be very light. So the membrane lenses are easy to be packed and deployed. Meanwhile, the microstructure can be quickly manufactured by the nano processing technology, reducing the manufacturing time and costs. In summary, membrane telescope has the highly potentials to achieve large diameter space-based telescope more than 20 meters. At present, the team of the Membrane Optical Imager Real-time Exploitation (MOIRE) program supported by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) is the leader at this field. They have got stage results in acquisition of large aperture and homogeneous space optical film materials, fabrication of 5 meters membrane optical elements, development and experimental verification of ground prototype, etc.
Through the research and analysis of related technologies at home and abroad, this paper reviewed the advances of the membrane telescopes and focused on membrane material, microstructure type and optical system design. The implementation of membrane telescopes involves many interdisciplinary disciplines such as materials, space environment engineering, nanofabrication technology, precision machinery, binary optics, and so on. As can be expected, with the research of membrane imaging technology in depth, many new key technologies and difficulties will gush out. Therefore, microstructure membrane telescope has a wide application prospects, at the same time meets new theoretical and technical challenges.
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图 7 (a) 微结构薄膜主镜. (b)原理样机. (c)近衍射极限成像.
Figure 7. (a) Microstructure lens. (b) Prototype. (c) Image performance near diffraction limits.
图 8 石英基底薄膜主镜(a)和聚酰亚胺薄膜薄膜主镜(b).
Figure 8. Diffractive lens with silica substrate (a) and with membrane substrate (b).
图 9 Φ150 mm薄膜系统成像星点图(a)和鉴别率图(b).
Figure 9. Φ150 mm membrane system single point imaging performance (a) and discrimination chart (b).
图 10 Φ80 mm薄膜相机外场复杂场景观测成像.
Figure 10. Φ80 mm membrane telescope external scene images.
图 12 Φ200 mm薄膜相机星点成像图.
Figure 12. Φ200 mm membrane telescope single point imaging performance.
图 13 Φ400 mm微结构薄膜望远镜系统分辨率靶和液晶显示远距离投影成像图.
Figure 13. Φ400 mm membrane telescope bar and complex scene target imagery.
图 14 Φ400 mm微结构薄膜望远镜系统分辨率靶和液晶显示远距离投影成像图.
Figure 14. Φ400 mm membrane telescope bar and complex scene target imagery.
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