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摘要:
激光微细加工技术具有超快、超精密等特性，在医疗器材领域的应用中有着传统加工技术无可比拟的独特优势，尤其是对生物材料表面加工改性，提高材料生物相容性方面有着不可替代的作用。本文综述了近年来激光微加工技术在医疗器材制造加工领域的最新应用，着重介绍了血管支架和骨支架的结构与表面制造，生物材料表面改性与抗菌性处理等。最后对目前激光微加工技术存在的局限性做了讨论，对未来激光微加工技术在医疗器材领域的应用发展做了展望。
Abstract:Laser microfabrication has the characteristics of ultra fast, ultra precision, etc. It has unique advantages in the field of medical equipment by contrast with traditional processing technology. Especially, it plays an irreplaceable role in the surface processing of biological materials to improve the biocompatibility of materials. The latest application of laser microfabrication in the field of medical equipment manufacturing and processing in recent years is reviewed. The structure and surface manufacturing of vascular stents and bone stents, and the surface modification of biomaterials and antibacterial treatment are emphatically introduced. Finally, the limitations of the current laser micromachining technology are discussed, and the application and development of laser micromachining technology in medical equipment in the future are prospected.
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Key words:
- laser micromachining /
- vascular stent /
- bone stent /
- biological materials /
- antibacterial
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图 6 激光3D打印的骨科植入物。 (a) 人工关节；(b) 头额骨；(c) 椎间融合器
Figure 6. Orthopaedic Implants by the laser 3D printer. (a) Artificial joint; (b) Forehead bone; (c) Intervertebral fusion cage
图 7 生物陶瓷支架激光制造[36] 。 (a) 激光沿着预定路径选择性地烧结β-TCP粉末；(b) 多孔β-TCP生物陶瓷支架的宏观形态；(c) 单个烧结路径的微观结构
Figure 7. Laser manufacturing of bioceramic stent[36]. (a) Selective laser sintering along a predetermined path β-TCP powder; (b) Porous β-Macro morphology of TCP bioceramic stent; (c) Microstructure of a single sintering path
表 1 医疗器械领域中激光加工成形技术
Table 1. Laser processing and forming technology in the field of medical devices
医疗器材 激光类型 加工材料 血管支架 飞秒激光，纳秒激光，皮秒激光，微秒激光 金属材料，可降解聚合物材料 骨支架 激光3D打印 金属材料，生物陶瓷等 
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表 2 血管支架激光加工材料及方法
Table 2. Materials and methods for laser processing of vascular stent
支架材料 激光加工方法 激光波长/nm 316L不锈钢 Nd:YAG激光，微秒激光，纳秒激光，飞秒激光 355~1064 钛及其合金 飞秒激光 1064 镁合金 飞秒激光-辅助气体 1064 高分子材料 飞秒激光-辅助气体，飞秒激光-辅助衬套 1030~1064
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表 3 激光3D打印骨支架
Table 3. Laser 3D printing bone stent
骨支架材料 3D打印技术(微纳秒激光) 金属材料(钛，镁，不锈钢等) SLM 生物陶瓷 SL, SLA, SLS, DLP
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