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Phase transition properties of the LIPSS induced by femtosecond laser direct writing on PMN-PT crystal
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摘要
本文提出一种由飞秒激光直写技术诱导的基于弛豫铁电体PMN-PT晶体的表面周期结构(LIPSS)，通过不同激光参数的改变，实现了LIPSS结构周期从750 nm到3 μm的变化。最后，通过升高温度探究了LIPSS结构的相变特性。对比基底的相变特性，飞秒激光诱导的LIPSS结构的居里温度有明显的降低，这一特性将会为基于PMN-PT晶体的温控调制器的制备提供新思路。
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a femtosecond laser-induced surface periodic structure (LIPSS) based on relaxed ferroelectric PMN-PT crystals. By changing the applied laser parameters, the period of the LIPSS structure is varied from 750 nm to 3 μm. Finally, the phase transition properties of the LIPSS structure are investigated by increasing the temperature. Compared to the phase transition properties of the substrate, the Curie temperature of the LIPSS structure is significantly reduced, and this will provide a possible new idea for the preparation of temperature-controlled modulators based on PMN-PT crystals.
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Key words:
- femtosecond laser direct writing /
- LIPSS /
- PMN-PT crystal /
- phase transition
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Overview
Overview: With the development of modern manufacturing, the size of optical devices is gradually developing towards miniaturization, and integrated optics is also developing to become a topical area of research for many scholars. One of the methods used for producing micro/nano optical devices is femtosecond laser direct writing, a fine three-dimensional processing technique that has been extensively studied by many scholars for its applicability to most materials and can be applied to the fabrication of a wide range of optical devices. Micro/nano-optical devices prepared by femtosecond laser direct writing in crystals have been applied in a broad range of applications in different wavelengths. PMN-PT crystal with relaxed ferroelectric has attracted much attention in recent years for its superior piezoelectric property and large electromechanical coupling coefficient, and its application in the infrared band is more prominent, so the fabrication of the optical devices based on PMN-PT crystal has gradually become a relevant research hotspot. The LIPSS is one of the micro/nano-structures that can be processed by femtosecond laser direct writing. The LIPSS is prevalent in many materials and has been found in metals, semiconductors, dielectrics, etc. Similarly, LIPSS can be induced by femtosecond lasers in PMN-PT crystal. The LIPSS has a wide range of applications in the fields of anti-reflectivity, permanent coloration, and wettability. Nevertheless, the physical processes and the mechanisms involved in the formation of LIPSS have different interpretations in different materials. In this paper, we describe the LIPSS induced by femtosecond laser on the surface of the PMN-PT crystal and characterize it theoretically. We have achieved a change in the period of the LIPSS from 750 nm to 3000 nm after experimenting with different laser parameters. Afterward, we simultaneously obtained the phase transition of the LIPSS in PMN-PT crystal through temperature modulation, and this phase transition can be analyzed by the variation of the Raman spectra. At the same time, we have obtained the Curie temperature for the LIPSS structure that is approximately 10 ℃ lower than that of the PMN-PT crystal and have analyzed the phase transition process through the structural properties of the PMN-PT crystal. The results of our experiments and analyzes on the LIPSS in PMN-PT crystal reported in this paper can provide some experience for the subsequent development of the optical devices related to the LIPSS in PMN-PT crystal.
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图 1 飞秒激光加工示意图。(a) 飞秒激光直写PMN-PT晶体LIPSS结构示意图，红色箭头代表激光扫描的方向，蓝色箭头代表激光的偏振方向；(b)飞秒激光诱导LIPSS结构原理图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of femtosecond laser processing. (a) Schematic diagram of LIPSS in the PMN-PT crystal by femtosecond laser direct writing, the red arrow represents the direction of laser scanning, the blue arrow represents the direction of polarization of the laser; (b) Schematic diagram of the femtosecond laser-induced LIPSS
图 2 飞秒激光诱导的SWPSS结构的表面形貌。 (a)~(c) 速度分别为5 mm/s、3 mm/s和2 mm/s时的SWPSS结构
Figure 2. Morphology of SWPSS induced by femtosecond laser. (a)~(c) SWPSS at velocities of 5 mm/s, 3 mm/s, and 2 mm/s respectively
图 3 (a) 速度为0.7 mm/s、0.8 mm/s和0.9 mm/s的LSFL表面形貌；(b) LIPSS结构周期与激光参数的关系
Figure 3. (a) Morphology of the LSFL with velocities of 0.7 mm/s, 0.8 mm/s, and 0.9 mm/s respectively; (b) Period of LIPSS in relation to laser parameters
图 4 (a) LIPSS结构随温度变化的拉曼曲线变化图，插图为拉曼位移为50 cm−1位置附近的拉曼曲线变化图；(b) PMN-PT晶体随温度变化的拉曼信号强度变化图；(c) LIPSS结构随温度变化的拉曼信号强度变化图
Figure 4. (a) Raman spectra of the LIPSS with the variation of temperature, the inset shows the variation of the Raman spectra at the Raman shift near the 50 cm−1 ; (b) Intensity of Raman signal of the PMN-PT crystal with the variation of temperature; (c) Intensity of Raman signal of the LIPSS with the variation of temperature
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