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Broadband and high-efficiency edge detection device based on quasi-continuous metasurface
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摘要:
本文利用准连续纳米带组成的超表面设计了一种光学微分器件，并实现了对光学图像的一维边缘检测。该器件通过改变准连续纳米带的空间取向实现0~2π的几何相位调控，且能在较宽的波段范围内保持较高的能量效率。仿真结果表明，当照明波长从400 nm增加至1000 nm时，该准连续器件均能实现清晰的边缘检测效果。其能量效率最高为90.27% (600 nm波长处)，平均能量效率为64.57% (400 nm~1000 nm)。可以预期，本文所提方法能促进准连续超表面在图像信息处理、超快光学模拟计算等方面的应用。
Abstract:In this paper, we design an optical differential device based on quasi-continuous metasurface and realize one-dimensional edge detection of an optical image. By changing the spatial orientation of quasi-continuous nanostrips, the device achieves geometric phase in the range of 0~2π, and maintains high energy efficiency over a wide wavelength range. The simulation results show that when the illumination wavelength increases from 400 nm to 1000 nm, the quasi-continuous meta-device can achieve clear images for the target edge. The maximum energy efficiency is 90.27% (the incident wavelength is 600 nm) and the average energy efficiency is 64.57% (the incident wavelength changes from 400 nm to 1000 nm). It can be expected that the proposed method can promote the application of quasi-continuous metasurface in image information processing and ultrafast optical computation.
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Key words:
- quasi-continuous /
- metasurface /
- broadband /
- high-efficiency /
- edge detection
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Overview: Image edge extraction is a widely used and rapidly developing technology, playing an important role in medical imaging, enhanced vision, automatic driving and other fields. In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing miniature metasurface devices to obtain image edge information. Currently, it has been reported that discrete metasurface edge detection devices are used to obtain image edge information, but discrete metasurfaces often maintain a high energy efficiency only near the preset wavelength, and the energy efficiency decreases when deviating from the preset wavelength, which will limit the operating bandwidth of the metasurface optical computing device. Here, an optical differential device is designed by using a metasurface composed of quasi-continuous nanostrips to realize one-dimensional images edge detection. By changing the spatial orientation of quasi-continuous nanostrips, the device achieves geometric phase in the range of 0~2π, and maintains high energy efficiency over a wide wavelength range. The optical path system consists of two linear polarizers and two lenses with the same focal length, of which two lenses are placed in a confocal position to form a classical 4f optical system. The designed quasi-continuous metasurface edge detection device is placed on the Fourier plane of the 4f optical system. The original image is located on the object plane of the 4f optical system (at the front focal plane of the lens 1), and the object edge information is finally obtained on the image plane of the 4f optical system (at the rear focal plane of the lens 2). The simulation results show that the designed sample can achieve high average energy efficiency edge detection in the whole visible and near-infrared bands. Specifically, the quasi-continuous meta-device can obtain a clear image of object edge in the wavelength range of 400 nm~1000 nm, the energy efficiency of the device reaches 90.27% at the wavelength of 600 nm, and the average energy efficiency is 64.57% at the wavelength of 400 nm~1000 nm. Compared with the traditional edge detection devices based on discrete metasurface, the quasi-continuous devices have higher broadband average energy efficiency. Hopefully, this work enjoys many research merits in signal processing, optical communication and machine vision.
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图 1 (a) 用于边缘检测的光学4f系统示意图；在LCP光正入射条件下透射RCP分量的振幅(b)及相位(c)响应
Figure 1. (a) Schematic diagram of a 4f optical system for edge detection; Amplitude response (b) and phase response (c) for the transmitted RCP light with LCP light normal incidence
图 2 (a) 准连续超表面边缘检测器件结构；(b) 设计样品局部放大图；(c)~(f) 单根准连续纳米带设计过程示意图
Figure 2. (a) The quasi-continuous metasurface device for edge detection; (b) Higher magnified image of the designed sample; (c)~(f) Schematic diagram of the design process for one quasi-continuous nanostrip
图 3 (a) 待检测的星形图像；(b)~(h) 当入射波长分别为400 nm、500 nm、600 nm、700 nm、800 nm、900 nm和1000 nm时，边缘检测效果
Figure 3. (a) The star image to be detected; (b)~(h) The images for the target edge at the incident wavelengths of 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm and 1000 nm
图 4 不同波长入射时准连续型(蓝色五角星)和离散型(红色菱形)超表面边缘检测器件的能量效率；灰色区域表示等效光栅周期变化时的交叉偏振能量效率
Figure 4. Energy efficiency of the quasi-continuous (blue pentagrams) and discrete (red diamonds) metasurface edge detection devices with different incidence wavelengths; The gray area represents the cross-polarization energy efficiency with changing the equivalent grating’s period
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