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Research on CS-BP algorithm of tracking error prediction in fault diagnosis of photoelectric measurement system
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摘要:
近年来，随着光电测量系统的数量与复杂度的日趋增长，其故障诊断的需求也不断增加。在光电测量系统的故障诊断中，跟踪误差的预测尤为重要。本文在BP神经网络的基础上利用布谷鸟算法进行了阈值及权值的优化，提出了一种CS-BP算法。利用光电测量系统的方位引导、俯仰引导、方位编码器、俯仰编码器和时间数据，对跟踪误差进行预测。与传统神经网络算法相比，该算法利用布谷鸟出色的寻找极值特点，解决了因初始阈值及权值设置不当给神经网络算法所带来的无法得到最优解的问题。实验结果表明，与传统BP神经网络、遗传算法优化的BP神经网络(GA-BP)对比， CS-BP算法的迭代次数分别少21次和60次，且其预测平均相对误差分别低4.85%和1.57%。因此，CS-BP算法具有较快的收敛速度和较高的预测精度，适合应用在光电测量系统故障诊断中。
Abstract:In recent years, with the increasing number and complexity of photoelectric measurement systems, the demand for fault diagnosis is also increasing. In the fault diagnosis of the photoelectric measurement system, the prediction of its tracking error is particularly important. In this paper, we propose a BP neural network algorithm optimized by the Cuckoo algorithm (CS-BP). The tracking error can be predicted by using the azimuth guidance, pitch guidance, azimuth encoder, pitch encoder and time data of the optoelectronic measurement system. Compared with the traditional neural network algorithm, this algorithm uses the excellent characteristics of Cuckoo to find the extreme value, and solves the problem that the neural network algorithm cannot get the optimal solution due to the improper setting of the initial threshold and weight. The experimental results show that, the number of iterations with CS-BP is 21 and 60 less than the traditional BP neural network and the BP neural network optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA-BP), respectively. The relative errors are 4.85% and 1.57% lower, respectively. Therefore, the CS-BP algorithm has a faster convergence speed and higher prediction accuracy, and it is suitable for fault diagnosis of photoelectric measurement system.
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Overview: In recent years, the number of new photoelectric measurement equipment has increased rapidly, the composition has become more and more complex, the accuracy has gradually improved, and the functions have become more comprehensive. During the normal life cycle of large-scale optoelectronic measurement equipment, engineers seek to maintain the performance of the equipment with the lowest possible cost and as few personnels as possible, so the demand for research on failure prediction and diagnosis technology is increasing. The traditional on-site manual diagnosis and maintenance method requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and it takes a long time to complete a test and diagnosis. The accuracy of the diagnosis is very dependent on the familiarity and experience of the operator. Once a fault occurs, it is difficult to quantify the time for positioning and troubleshooting, which affects the combat effectiveness of the equipment. In fact, major faults that affect the performance of equipment are generally easy to repair in the early stage, but often due to incomplete detection and diagnosis methods, they cannot be detected or cannot be detected on-site in time, resulting in major faults accumulated over time. In the fault diagnosis of photoelectric measurement system, the prediction of tracking error is particularly important. CS-BP algorithm has strong self-adaptive and self-learning ability, and can obtain more reliable results without additional human intervention, so it is often used for fault diagnosis and parameter prediction of large-scale systems. Based on the BP neural network, this article uses the cuckoo algorithm to optimize the threshold and weight, and proposes a CS-BP algorithm. This essay uses the azimuth guidance, pitch guidance, azimuth encoder, pitch encoder and time data of the photoelectric measurement system to predict the tracking error. Compared with the traditional neural network algorithm, the algorithm utilizes the cuckoo's excellent feature of finding extreme values, and solves the problem that the neural network algorithm cannot obtain the optimal solution due to improper initial threshold and weight settings. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional BP neural network and the BP neural network optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA-BP), the number of iterations of the CS-BP algorithm is 21 and 60 times less, and the average relative error of the prediction is 4.85% and 1.57% lower, respectively. Therefore, CS-BP algorithm has a faster convergence speed and higher prediction accuracy, and is suitable for application in fault diagnosis of optoelectronic measurement systems.
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图 1 光电测量系统BP神经网络故障诊断模型图
Figure 1. BP neural network fault diagnosis model diagram of photoelectric measurement system
表 1 CS-BP 、GA-BP和BP三种算法实验结果对比
Table 1. Comparison of experimental results of three algorithms: CS-BP, GA-BP and BP
算法类别 迭代次数 平均相对误差/% BP 70 8.81 GA-BP 31 5.53 CS-BP 10 3.96 
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