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摘要
针对白天强背景条件下自适应光学系统哈特曼传感器信背比低、波前探测精度不高等问题，利用人造目标与强背景偏振特性差异，提出基于偏振调制的哈特曼波前探测方法，将传统的哈特曼波前探测从强度维度转换到偏振维度，有效提升信背比和波前探测精度。阐述了偏振哈特曼波前探测基本方法和原理，并通过数值模拟仿真验证了方法的正确性和准确性。研究结果表明：偏振哈特曼探测技术能够有效提升强背景条件下信背比和波前探测精度，显著增强自适应光学系统在强背景条件下的工作能力。
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of low signal-to-background ratio and low wavefront detection accuracy of the adaptive optical system Hartmann sensor under strong background conditions during the day, based on the difference in polarization characteristics between man-made targets and strong backgrounds, a polarized Hartmann wavefront detection technology is proposed. The traditional Hartmann wavefront detection is converted from the intensity dimension to the polarization dimension, thereby effectively improving the signal-to-background ratio and wavefront detection accuracy. The basic methods and principles of polarized Hartmann wavefront detection are described, and the correctness and accuracy of the method are verified through numerical simulations and experiments. Theoretical and numerical simulation results show that the polarized Hartmann wavefront detection technology can effectively improve the signal-to-background ratio and wavefront detection accuracy under strong background conditions, and significantly enhance the ability of the adaptive optical system to work under strong background conditions.
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Key words:
- adaptive optics /
- strong background /
- polarized Hartmann sensor /
- polarization modulation
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Overview
Overview: After more than 40 years of continuous development, adaptive optics has gradually matured in theoretical exploration and engineering applications, and has been widely used in various fields. The Hartmann wavefront sensor is an important part of the adaptive optics system and is currently the most widely used wavefront detector in the adaptive optics system. When the Hartmann wavefront sensor performs wavefront detection in strong background occasions like daytime, the interference of the strong background will increase the centroid calculation error in the wavefront calculation and significantly reduce the wavefront detection accuracy, which severely limits working hours of the adaptive optics system.
Aiming at the application scenario of a large back-to-signal ratio, a new polarized Hartmann wavefront detection technology is proposed. The polarized Hartmann wavefront detector adds a polarization modulator in front of the microlens array to obtain intensity detection images under different polarization modulation states. The polarized difference principle is used to convert the directly detected intensity signal into a polarization signal, and finally, the Hartmann wavefront detection result is transformed from the intensity dimension to the polarization dimension by using the difference between the polarization characteristics of the detection target and the background light. This article describes the basic methods and principles of polarized Hartmann wavefront detection technology, and then conducts numerical simulations for linear polarization signal wavefront detection in natural light scenes, which are as follows. First, the wavefront restoration results before and after adding the strong background are compared to clarify the influence of the strong background on the Hartmann wavefront restoration results. Then, the strong background processing and wavefront restoration calculation under different back signal ratios are launched. Finally, the removal effect of the strong background and the wavefront restoration error of the subtracted global threshold method, subtracted local adaptive threshold method, and polarization difference method is compared.
Theoretical and simulation results show that the polarized Hartmann wavefront detection technology has a good removal effect on strong background, and has high wavefront restoration accuracy. This improves the signal-to-background ratio of Hartmann wavefront detection to a certain extent, and improves the accuracy of wavefront detection under strong background conditions. Therefore, the polarization Hartmann wavefront detection technology has high feasibility for wavefront detection in strong background scenes, and has a great effect on the application expansion of adaptive optics in daytime scenes.
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图 1 强背景场景下的哈特曼波前探测示意图
Figure 1. Schematic map of the Hartmann sensor under the strong background scene
图 3 偏振哈特曼波前探测技术原理示意图
Figure 3. Basic principle of the proposed polarization Hartmann wavefront sensor
图 5 偏振哈特曼传感器的偏振调制示意图
Figure 5. Schematic map of polarization modulation of the polarization Hartmann sensor
图 6 目标信号子孔径光斑图像、噪声分布及其复原波前和Zernike系数。
Figure 6. Reference signal sub-aperture spot image and its restored wavefront and Zernike coefficient.
图 7 混合信号子孔径光斑图像及其复原波前图像和波前的Zernike系数。
Figure 7. Mixed signal sub-aperture spot image and its wavefront restoration image and wavefront Zernike coefficients.
图 8 各方式对强背景处理后的子孔径光斑图像。
Figure 8. Sub-aperture spot image processed by various methods for strong background.
图 9 经三种方式处理后的复原波前图像及其Zernike系数表达。
Figure 9. The restored wavefront image and its Zernike coefficient expression after three processing methods.
图 10 采用不同方法时的波前复原误差分布。
Figure 10. Wavefront restoration error using different methods.
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参考文献
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