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激光清洗在石化领域的应用前景浅析

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文章导航 > 光电工程 > 2020 Vol. 47 > No. 11 > 200030

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段成红，陈晓奎，罗翔鹏. 激光清洗在石化领域的应用前景浅析[J]. 光电工程，2020，47(11)：200030. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.200030
引用本文: 段成红，陈晓奎，罗翔鹏. 激光清洗在石化领域的应用前景浅析[J]. 光电工程，2020，47(11)：200030. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.200030
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Duan C H, Chen X K, Luo X P. Application prospect of laser cleaning in petrochemical field[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2020, 47(11): 200030. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.200030
Citation: Duan C H, Chen X K, Luo X P. Application prospect of laser cleaning in petrochemical field[J]. Opto-Electron Eng, 2020, 47(11): 200030. doi: 10.12086/oee.2020.200030
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激光清洗在石化领域的应用前景浅析

    • 北京化工大学机电工程学院，北京 100029

详细信息
    作者简介:
  • 段成红(1963-)，女，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事增材制造与激光制造技术应用、过程设备设计开发和结构优化，以及复合材料的研究。E-mail: duanch@mail.buct.edu.cn
    • 通讯作者: 罗翔鹏(1987-)，男，博士，讲师，主要从事增材制造与激光制造技术应用、计算机辅助工程等研究。E-mail:xpluo@mail.buct.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TN249;TE98

Application prospect of laser cleaning in petrochemical field

    • College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 激光清洗是利用激光高能量特点去除基体表面附着物的表面工程技术，逐渐在微电子、模具、建筑和航空航天等领域示范应用。石化作为国民经济的支柱产业，却鲜有激光清洗技术应用的报道。本文介绍了石化领域清洗需求和技术现状，发现现有技术不能完全满足石化行业发展新要求，综述了近年来国内外激光清洗技术的发展，其为激光清洗在石化领域的应用提供了理论基础和思路参考，分析了激光清洗技术在石化领域的应用场合，并浅析了具体的研究方向及应用前景。

    Laser cleaning is a surface engineering technology which uses the high-energy characteristic of laser to remove attachments on the substrate. It has been gradually promoted in the fields of microelectronics, mould, building, aerospace, and so on. However, as a pillar industry of national economy, there are rare reports on the application of laser cleaning technology in petrochemical industry. In this paper, the cleaning needs and technology status of petrochemical industry are introduced, the existing technology cannot fully meet the new requirements of petrochemical industry development. The development of laser cleaning technology both at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed, the work has provided a theoretical basis and ideal reference for the application of laser cleaning in the petrochemical field. And the application occasions of laser cleaning technology in petrochemical field are analyzed. In addition, the specific research directions and application prospect are pointed out.

    • Overview

  • Overview:Laser cleaning is a surface engineering technology that uses the high-energy characteristic of laser to remove attachments on the substrate. It was first applied in the field of microelectronics. Because of its green environmental protection, high efficiency, high precision, and wide application range, it has been gradually promoted in the fields of mould, building, ship, aerospace, high-speed railway, and so on. It is regarded as the most potential cleaning technology in the 21st century. As a pillar industry of national economy, there are rare reports on the application of laser cleaning technology in petrochemical industry. During the operation of petrochemical equipment, many kinds of dirt (such as atmospheric dirt, water scale and the dirt generated by chemical reaction) are deposited, and defects (such as wear and corrosion) may be generated in critical areas and parts of the equipment. Whether it is dirt removal or surface cleaning before defect detection, cleaning technology is needed. Petrochemical industry now commonly uses chemical cleaning technology and physical cleaning technology. Chemical cleaning technology produces waste liquid and waste water, which will cause the problem of environmental protection. The physical cleaning technology includes traditional poking, brushing, grinding, shoveling and so on, which is highly labor intensive and inefficient. Later, PIG cleaning technology and jet cleaning technology (such as sandblast cleaning, shot peening cleaning, dry ice cleaning, and high-pressure water jet cleaning) are developed. The former is only applicable to the internal cleaning of pipes and equipment, and the latter may cause accidental mechanical damage and wear to the cleaned objects. In addition, ultrasonic cleaning technology is harmful to human health due to its noise pollution, and drying process is needed after the cleaning. The demand of cleaning technology has become increasingly urged in modern petrochemical industry, the cleaning costs should be reduced and cleaning efficiency, and the quality should be improved. Moreover, the cleaning technology must be environmentally friendly. Obviously, chemical cleaning technology and traditional physical cleaning technology cannot fully meet these new requirements. Hence, it is necessary to explore and introduce new green cleaning technology, such as laser cleaning technology. In recent years, the work of mechanism research, experimental verification, process optimization, and practical applications conducted by domestic and foreign colleges, enterprises and research institutes has provided a theoretical basis and ideal reference for the application of laser cleaning in the petrochemical field. In this paper, the cleaning needs and technology status of petrochemical industry and the development of laser cleaning technology are introduced, and the application occasions of laser cleaning technology in petrochemical field are analyzed. In addition, the specific research directions and application prospect are pointed out.

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  • 图 1  激光清洗原理示意图

    Figure 1.  The schematics of laser cleaning

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  (a) 化学清洗；(b) PIG清洗；(c)喷砂清洗；(d)高压水射流清洗[12]

    Figure 2.  (a) Chemical cleaning; (b) PIG cleaning; (c) Sandblast cleaning; (d) High-pressure water jet cleaning[12]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 3  激光清洗不同作用对象示意图。(a)附着物；(b)附着物层内气体；(c)基体；(d)预覆液膜

    Figure 3.  Different objects for laser cleaning. (a) Attachment; (b) Gas in attachment layer; (c) Matrix; (d) Pre-coated membrane

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 4  激光清洗试样显微照片及红外光谱图。(a)清洗后显微照片；(b)清洗前后红外光谱[20]

    Figure 4.  Micrograph and infrared spectrum of laser cleaning sample. (a) Micrograph after cleaning; (b) Infrared spectrum before and after cleaning[20]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 5  (a) 200 W激光清洗机；(b)激光清洗轮毂；(c)激光清洗模具

    Figure 5.  (a) 200 W laser cleaning machine; (b) Laser cleaning wheel; (c) Laser cleaning mold

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 6  不同激光功率除漆后基材表面三维形貌图。(a) 10 W；(b) 15 W；(c) 20 W[34]

    Figure 6.  Three-dimensional morphology of substrate surface after de-painting at different laser powers. (a) 10 W; (b) 15 W; (c) 20 W[34]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 7  烟熏污染物激光清洗前(a)和部分清洗后(b)照片[5]

    Figure 7.  Photographs of the smoking smudges before laser cleaning (a) and after laser partly cleaning (b)[5]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 8  400 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试件表面成分(a)及三维形貌(b)[45]

    Figure 8.  Surface composition (a) and three-dimensional morphology (b) of 304 stainless steel sample after 400 W laser cleaning[45]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 9  (a) 板式换热器[12]；(b)高压水清洗换热板[12]；(c)激光清洗换热板

    Figure 9.  (a) Plate heat exchanger[12]; (b) High-pressure water cleaning heat exchange plates[12]; (c) Laser cleaning heat exchange plates

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 10  (a) 锅炉汽包罐[12]；(b)清洗维护[12]；(c)激光清洗设备焊缝

    Figure 10.  (a) Boiler steam drum[12]; (b) Cleaning and maintenance[12]; (c) Laser cleaning equipment weld

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    表 1  国内各清洗方法所占市场份额[13]

    Table 1.  Domestic market share of various cleaning methods[13]

    清洗方法 市场份额/%
    化学清洗 约70
    物理清洗 高压水射流清洗 约20
    超声波清洗 约5
    PIG清洗 约3
    干冰等清洗 约2
    微生物清洗 很少
    下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:  2020-01-16
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