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摘要:
利用激光清洗技术对不锈钢表面进行清洗试验，研究不同激光功率(300W、400W、500W)对清洗效果的影响。通过SEM和EDS分析不锈钢表面清洗前后的表面形貌及成分分布；利用白光干涉仪检测不锈钢表面粗糙度及清洗厚度。结果表明，随着激光功率的增加，不锈钢表面氧化物逐渐分解剥落，清洗厚度不断加深，在500W时达到50pm，并且造成基体部分损伤；粗糙度值先降低后增加，在400 W时达到最低值0.38 pm。激光清洗的清洗阈值近似为3.96×103 W/cm2，基体损伤阈值在5.52×103 W/cm2左右，不锈钢表面氧化层在400W时达到最佳激光清洗效果。
Abstract:Laser cleaning technology was used to clean the surface of stainless steel, and the influence of different laser power (300 W, 400 W, 500 W) on cleaning effect was studied. The surface morphology and composition dis tribution of stainless steel were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The surface roughness and cleaning thickness were detected by White Light Interferometer. The results show that, with the increase of laser power, the oxide of stainless steel decomposes and flakes gradually, and the cleaning thickness keeps deepening and reaches 50 pm at 500 W, which causes partial damage to the matrix. The roughness value decreases firstly and then increases. It reaches a minimum value of 0.38 pm at 400 W. Laser cleaning threshold is approximately 3.96×103 W/cm2, and damage threshold is about 5.52×103 W/cm2 The best laser cleaning effect of stainless steel is obtained when the power is 400 W.
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Key words:
- laser cleaning /
- stainless steel oxide layer /
- laser power /
- roughness /
- cleaning thickness
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Laser cleaning has been widely used in many industrial fields because of its high efficiency and no second waste. From this point of view, laser cleaning has promising applications for removal of corroded layer in stainless steel pipe in nuclear plants, compared with conventional chemical and mechanical methods. In this work, systematic laser cleaning experiment of oxide on stainless steel was conducted, and the effect of different laser power (300 W, 400 W, 500 W) on cleaning effect was studied, which obtained the optimum processing parameters on this account. The surface morphology and composition distribution of stainless steel are analyzed by SEM and EDS before and after laser cleaning. The surface roughness was measured by white light interferometer and the removal thickness of oxide was evaluated by the sectional step height. The main results show that: 1) the oxide of stainless steel decomposes and flakes gradually with the increase of power, and the substrate is partly damaged while power exceeds 400 W. The amount of oxide increases instead at 500 W, because high power can cause laser ablation, resulting in a serious oxidation of the matrix; the content of element is mainly O and Fe at 300 W, and then the content of Cr increases continuously and is consistent with that of substrate finally; 2) The cleaning removal thickness increases from 17 μm to 50 μm with laser power; 3) The roughness value Ra is 3.44 μm before laser cleaning, while the roughness value decreases firstly and then increases, and reaches a minimum value of 0.38 μm at 400 W after cleaning; 4) The cleaning force produced by laser cleaning is the key to decontamination. Power density is the concrete data representation of cleaning force. The value of cleaning threshold and damage threshold is obtained by combining power density and experimental analysis. In order to get more accurate data, the experiments of other power (250 W, 280 W, 350 W, and 380 W) are carried out as supplementary. The oxide of stainless steel begins to expand and peel off under a 280 W laser, thus the cleaning threshold is approximately equal to the power density at this point, which is 3.96×103 W/cm2.The laser cleaning starts to touching substrate and causes some damage to it when the power increases to 380 W, which is similar to that of 400 W. Therefore, the average power density of 380 W and 400 W is determined as the damage threshold, and the specific value is 5.52×103 W/cm2. While the power is about 400 W, frequency is 10 kHz, speed is 30 °/h, scan frequency is 5 times, and the laser cleaning obtains the best effect after comprehensive comparison and analysis.
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图 3 激光清洗前304不锈钢试样表面形貌(a)及成份分析(b).
Figure 3. Morphology (a) and composition analysis (b) of 304 stainless steel sample before laser cleaning.
图 4 300 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样表面形貌(a)及成份分析(b).
Figure 4. Morphology (a) and composition analysis (b) of 304 stainless steel sample after laser cleaning at 300 W.
图 5 300 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样的表面三维形貌.
Figure 5. 3D morphology of 304 stainless steel after laser cleaning at 300 W.
图 6 300 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样的表面轮廓线.
Figure 6. Outline of 304 stainless steel after laser cleaning at 300 W.
图 7 400 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样的表面形貌(a)及成份分析(b).
Figure 7. Morphology (a) and composition analysis (b) of 304 stainless steel sample after laser cleaning at 400 W.
图 8 400 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样表面三维形貌.
Figure 8. 3D morphology of 304 stainless steel after laser cleaning at 400 W.
图 9 400 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样表面轮廓线.
Figure 9. Outline of 304 stainless steel after laser cleaning at 400 W.
图 10 500 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样表面形貌(a)及成份分析(b).
Figure 10. Morphology (a) and composition analysis(b) of 304 stainless steel sample after laser cleaning at 500 W.
图 11 500 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样表面三维形貌.
Figure 11. 3D morphology of 304 stainless steel after laser cleaning at 500 W.
图 12 500 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样表面轮廓线.
Figure 12. Outline of 304 stainless steel after laser cleaning at 500 W.
图 13 250 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样的表面形貌(a)及成份分析(b).
Figure 13. Morphology(a) and composition analysis (b) of 304 stainless steel sample after laser cleaning at 250 W.
图 14 280 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样的表面形貌及成份分析.
Figure 14. Morphology (a) and composition analysis (b) of 304 stainless steel sample after laser cleaning at 280 W.
图 15 350 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样的表面形貌(a)及成份分析(b).
Figure 15. Morphology (a) and composition analysis (b) of 304 stainless steel sample after laser cleaning at 350 W.
图 16 380 W激光清洗后304不锈钢试样的表面形貌(a)及成份分析(b).
Figure 16. Morphology (a) and composition analysis (b) of 304 stainless steel sample after laser cleaning at 380 W.
表 1 304不锈钢化学成分(质量分数，%).
Table 1. Chemical composition of 304 stainless steel (wt, %).
C Cr Ni Mn Si S Fe ≤0.08 18.0~20.0 8.0~10.0 ≤2.0 ≤1.0 ≤0.03 Bal 
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表 2 试验用激光参数.
Table 2. Laser parameters for test.
参数 值 激光器类型 脉冲 输出中心波长/nm 1064 单脉冲能量/mJ 50 单脉冲宽度/ns 100 功率调节范围/W 100~500 重复频率调节范围/kHz 2~50 转盘速度/(º·h-1) 0~45 光斑直径/mm 3
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